سمیت تدخینی اسانس پنج گونه گیاه دارویی روی سوسک شیره-خوار خرما Carpophilus hemipterus (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae)و شناسایی ترکیبات شیمیایی آنها

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی-فارسی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده کشارزی، دانشگاه خلیج فارس

2 گروه اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه خلیج فارس

3 گروه اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه خلیج فارس بوشهر

چکیده

سمیت تنفسی اسانس پنج گونه گیاه دارویی شامل اکالیپتوسEucalyptus globulus Labill. ، مورتلخ (مریم گلی کارواندری) هرمزگانSalvia mirzayanii Rech. ، بغیض (مشگک)Ducrosia anethifolia Boiss.، آویشن باغی Thymus vulgaris L. و مرزنجوش Majorana hortensis Moench روی لاروهای سن چهار و حشرات کامل سوسک شیره‌خوار خرما Carpophilus hemipterus (Linnaeus) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. مرگ و میر حشرات کامل در 5 غلظت 1، 5، 10، 20 و 50 میکرولیتر/ حجم 75 میلی‌لیتر از هر اسانس و مرگ و میر لاروها در سه غلظت 10، 20 و 50 میکرولیتر/ حجم 75 میلی‌لیتر در فواصل زمانی 24، 48 و 72 ساعت در 3 تکرار همراه با شاهد مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که سمیت تدخینی اسانس-ها با افزایش غلظت و زمان درصد مرگ و میر افزایش می‌یابد به طوری که پس از 72 ساعت در بالاترین غلظت (50 میکرولیتر/ حجم 75 میلی‌لیتر) روی حشرات کامل به ترتیب فوق برابر 80، 90، 100، 66/86 و 100 درصد و روی لاروهای سن چهار برابر 100، 100، 80، 100 و 100 درصد بود. آنالیز ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس‌ها نشان داد که در اسانس اکالیپتوس، 1،8- سینئول و آلفا-پینن، در اسانس مرزنجوش لینالول و بتا-پینن، در اسانس مورتلخ، لینالول و کامفور، در اسانس آویشن باغی، کارواکرول و پی- سیمین و در اسانس بغیض، سیس- کریسان تنیل استات و بتا- یودسمول ترکیبات اصلی اسانس‌ها بودند. بنابراین با توجه به کارایی بالای اسانس‌های مورد مطالعه علیه C. hemipterus ، ممکن است بتوان از این فرآورده‌های گیاهی به عنوان جایگزینی برای حشره‌کش‌های شیمیایی در برنامه‌های مبارزه با این آفت استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Fumigant toxicity of five medicinal plant essential oils agianst the date sap beetle, Carpophilus hemipterus (Linnaeus) and identification of their chemical composition

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fariba Sohrabi 1
  • Mohammad Amin Kohanmoo 2
  • Fatemeh Jamali 3
1
2
3
چکیده [English]

Fumigant toxicity of five medicinal plant essential oils including Eucalyptus globulus Labill., Salvia mirzayanii Rech. var. Hormoz., Ducrosia anethifolia Boiss., Thymus vulgaris L. var. Hormoz. and Majorana hortensis Moench was investigated against fourth instar larvae and adults of Carpophilus hemipterus (Linnaeus). Mortality was evaluated at five concentrations, 1, 5, 10, 20 and 50 μL/75 mL volume for adults and 3 concentrations, 10, 20 and 50 μL/75 mL volume for larvae at 24, 48 and 72 hour exposure time and with 3 replications with control. The results showed that by increasing concentration and time, mortality rate was increased so that after 72 hours at the highest concentration(50 ml/75 ml volume), adult mortality was 80, 90, 100, 86/66 and 100 percent and larval mortality was 100, 100, 80, 100 and 100 percent, respectively. Essential oils chemical composition analysis showed 1,8- cineole and α-Pinene in the Eucalyptus essential oil, ß-Pinene and linalool in the Majorana essential oil, linalool and camphor in the Salvia, carvacrol and p-cymene in the Thymus essential oil, and cis- Chrysanthenyl acetate and ß-eudesmol in the Ducrosia essential oil, were the main compounds. Based on the good fumigant toxicity of the studied essential oils, they can be used as an alternative to chemical insecticides in control programs of this pest.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • storage pest
  • fumigant toxicity
  • plant essential oils
  • Bioassay

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گیاه پزشکی
دوره 39، شماره 3
آبان 1395
صفحه 13-26

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