پاسخ بویایی سن شکارگر Orius albidipennis و زنبورهای پارازیتوئیدEretmocerus mundus و Eretmocerus eremicus نسبت به سفیدبالک پنبه Bemisia tabaci و دشمنان طبیعی رقیب

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی-فارسی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان

2 عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی رامین خوزستان

3 استادیار دانشگاه خلیج فارس

4 دانشیار دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان

چکیده

سفیدبالک پنبه(Gennadius) Bemisia tabaci یکی از آفات مهم محصولات زراعی، جالیزی و زینتی می‌باشد. زنبورهای پارازیتوئید Eretmocerus mundus Mercet و Rose and ZolnerowichEretmocerus eremics و همچنین سن شکارگر (Rueter)Orius albidipennis از جمله دشمنان طبیعی می‌باشند که به عنوان عوامل کنترل زیستی برای مهار سفیدبالک پنبه مورد استفاده قرار گرفته و نقش مهمی در کاهش استفاده از سموم شیمیایی داشته‌اند. در این بررسی، آزمایش‌هایی توسط دستگاه بویایی سنجی برای تعیین تأثیر رایحه تولید شده از برگ خیار آلوده به سفیدبالک پنبه در جلب دشمنان طبیعی انجام گرفت. همچنین تاثیر حضور یک دشمن طبیعی در لکه میزبان، بر جلب یا دفع دشمن طبیعی دیگر مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج بدست آمده از آزمونبویایی‌سنجی نشان داد که برگ‌های خیار آلوده به پوره‌های سفید بالک، هر سه گونه دشمن طبیعی شامل سن O. albidipennis و زنبورهای پارازیتوئید E. mundus و E. eremics را بیشتر از برگ‌های سالم به سمت خود جلب نمودند. نتایج تأثیر حضور زنبور هایپارازیتوئید بر انتخاب و ترجیح سن شکارگر O. albidipennis نشان داد که این سن از برگ‌هایی که زنبورهای پارازیتوئید روی آن‌ها حضور دارند دوری نمود، اگرچه حضور سن شکارگر O. albidipennis روی برگ‌ها به عنوان رقیب، اختلالی در جذب این دو گونه زنبور به برگ‌های آلوده ایجاد نکرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Olfactory responses of predatory bug, Orius albidipennis, and Parasitoid Wasps, Eretmocerus mundus and Eretmocerus eremicus, to Bemisia tabaci and competitor natural enemies

نویسندگان [English]

  • S. Pirzadfard 1
  • N. Zandi-Sohani 2
  • F. Sohrabi 3
  • A. Rajab Pour 4
1 M. Sc. graduate, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan
2 Associate Professor of Entomology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan
3 Assistant Professor of Entomology, Persian Gulf University
4 Associate Professor of Entomology, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives
Cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), is one of the most important pests of field crops, vegetables, and ornamental plants. Parasitoid wasps, Eretmocerus mundus Mercet and Eretmocerus eremicus Rose and Zolnerowich, as well as predatory bug Orius albidipennis Rueter are natural enemies which are used as biocontrol agents to control B. tabaci and play a critical role in reduction of chemical insecticide application.
Materials and Methods
In this study, experiments were carried out using a Y-tube olfactometer to determine the impact of volatiles emitted from leaves infested by B. tabaci on attraction of natural enemies. Moreover, the effect of presence of one natural enemy on attraction or repellency of another natural enemy was studied.
Results
Results of olfactory responses showed that infested cucumber leaves were more attractive for all species of natural enemy species, O. albidipennis, E. mundus and E. eremicus, than healthy leaves. The results also showed that O. albidipennis avoided leaves that both species of parasitoid wasps coexist on them. However, presence of O. albidipennis on the leaves as a competitor did not affect the attraction of the parasitoid wasps to infested leaves.     
Discussion
Induced reactions in damaged plants increase their resistance to invasive pests. These changes can affect the reactions of all organisms around the plants including herbivores, pollinators, natural enemies, and even other plants nearby. Previous research confirms our results on attraction of natural enemies to plants injured by B. tabaci. Avoidance of O. albidipennis of patches containing parasitoids may be due to escape from intraguild predation or other reasons like low quality food in such patches. On the other hand, in this study both parasitoids preferred leaves containing O. albidipennis and whitefly nymphs to leaves with only whitefly nymphs. There is a hypothesis that female parasitoids should not avoid the polyphagous predators because they will lose many oviposition locations, as the number of polyphagous predators is too far in agroecosystems. This theory is corresponding well with the results of our study.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aphelinidae
  • Anthocoridae
  • Olfactory
  • Synomone
  • Bemisia tabaci

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گیاه پزشکی
دوره 41، شماره 4
اسفند 1397
صفحه 57-68

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