بررسی تأثیر عصاره‌های سیر و آویشن شیرازی بر روی بیماری کپک سبز (Penicillium digitatum) و بعضی از مکانیسم‌های دفاعی در پرتقال

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی-فارسی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار دانشگاه اردکان

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ورامین

3 استادیار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد ورامین

چکیده

استفاده از سموم شیمیایی در طی دهه ­ها باعث ایجاد آلودگی محیط ­زیست و همچنین ایجاد باقیمانده بر روی محصولات غذایی شده است. در این پژوهش از عصاره­ های آبی و متانولی آویشن ­شیرازی (Zataria multiflora Boiss.) و سیر (Allium sativum L.)جهت کنترل بیماری کپک سبز پرتقال با عامل .Penicillium digitatum Sacc، در آزمایشگاه و در انبار 15 درجه سلسیوس استفاده شد. نتایح آزمون دیسک­ گذاری در محیط کشت نشان داد که، عصارۀ آبی و الکلی سیر (غلظت 60 میلی ­گرم در میلی ­لیتر)با 26 و 32 میلی‌متر قطر ممانعت از قارچ بیمارگر، دارای بیشترین اثر کنترل‌ کنندگی و عصارۀ آبی و الکلی آویشن شیرازی (غلظت 15 میلی ­گرم در میلی ­لیتر) با 10 و 14 میلی‌ متر قطر ممانعت از قارچ بیمارگر، دارای کمترین اثر کنترل ­کنندگی بود. در آزمون اختلاط با محیط کشت، عصاره­ های آبی و الکلی سیر در غلظت­ 600 میلی ­گرم در لیتر به ترتیب با 25/65 و 26/75 درصد ممانعت از قارچ بیمارگر بهترین کنترل‌ کنندگی بیمارگر را نشان دادند. در آزمون انبار 15 درجۀ سلسیوس، سطح لکۀ ایجاد شده در تیمار عصاره­ های آبی و الکلی سیر و آویشن شیرازی با غلظت­ شش در هزار، cm2 30/5 (آبی) و cm226/3 (الکلی) برای سیر، cm2 44/7 (آبی) و  cm215/4 (الکلی) برای آویشن شیرازی، کمترین میزان خود را در مقایسه با سایر تیمارها وهمچنین تیمار شاهد (با میزان cm247/30) داشتند. نتایج بررسی فعالیت آنزیم‎ های پراکسیداز و پلی ­فنل ­اکسیداز نشان داد که بیشترین فعالیت هر دو آنزیم نه روز بعد از نمونه برداری و در تیمار شش در هزار عصارۀ سیر مشاهده شد. میزان نسخه­ برداری سه ژن کدکنندۀ آنزیم ­های پراکسیداز، پلی ­فنل ­اکسیداز و فنیل ­آلانین ­­آمونیالیاز روندی مانند میزان فعالیت سه آنزیم در طول 12 روز نمونه برداری داشت و در روز نهم، بیشترین میزان نسخه ­برداری این سه آنزیم به ترتیب با مقدار عددی 23/15، 80/11 و 36/12 برابر شاهد سالم بودند. بر اساس نتایج آزمون ­های آزمایشگاهی و انباری، عصارۀ هر دو گیاه سیر و آویشن شیرازی به عنوان ترکیبات طبیعی با پتانسیل کنترل‌ کنندگی معرفی می ­شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The investigation of the effect of garlic and thyme extracts on orange green mold (Penicillium digitatum), defense enzymes and genes expression

نویسندگان [English]

  • J. Gholamnezhad 1
  • Sh Arsalani 2
  • M. Maleki 3
1 Assisstant professor, Ardakan University
2 M.Sc. Student, Islamic Azad University of Varamin-Pishva
3 Assisstant professor, Islamic Azad University of Varamin-Pishva
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives
The use of chemical pesticides has caused environmental hazards as well as the creation of residues on food products. In this research, the extracts of Zataria multifloraBoiss. and Garlic (Allium sativum L.) were used for controlling the green mold of orange caused by Penicillium digitatum, invitro and invivo at 15 ̊C.
Materials and Methods
In this study, the effect of plant extracts against the pathogen was evaluated using two methods, included the paper disc and mixing with culture media. Then, the effect of these extracts on the fruit was studied against the pathogen. The level of activity of the enzymes including peroxidase, catalase and polyphenol oxidase, as well as total phenol content were measured. Finally, the expression of catalase, peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase genes was evaluated using the Real time PCR method.
Results
The results of disc test showed that aqueous and alcoholic extracts of garlic had the highest effect on fungal mycelium growth with 60 mg at ml concentration and 32.20 mm and 26.12 mm diameter of inhibition zone respectively. The mixing culture test showed that aqueous and alcoholic extracts of garlic with 65.25 and 75.26 percent of the inhibitory effect on the pathogen, respectively, showed the best control compared to the control in 600 mg at L concentration. The results of invivo assays indicated that 6×1000 concentration of aqueous and alcoholic garlic and thyme extracts had the lowest of decay area with 5.3 and 3.26 cm2 respectively (for garlic) and 7.44 and 4.15 cm2 for thyme. Results of enzyme activity of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase showed that the highest activity of both enzymes was 9 days after sampling and in the treatment of 6×1000 garlic extract.
Discussion
Based on the results of laboratory and storage tests, the extract of both garlic and thyme are introduced as natural constituents with controlled potentials. The genes expression levels of enzymes as peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and phenylalanine ammonialis had the same trend to the activity of two enzymes over a period of 12 days. Based on the results of invivo and invitro tests, the extract of garlic and thyme are introduced as natural compounds with high controlling potentials. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Plant extracts
  • Green mold
  • Defense enzymes activity
  • Defense gene expression
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