شانکر شاخه درختان فندق در اثر قارچ Botryosphaeria dothidea در ایران

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی-فارسی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

2 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان

چکیده

Botryosphaeriaceae خانواده­ ای از قارچ­ ها است که دارای پراکندگی و دامنه میزبانی وسیعی می‌باشد. در بهار و تابستان سال 1395 مطالعه­ ای بر روی بیماری‌های شاخه و تنه درختان فندق در بابل (استان مازندران) انجام گردید که در آن نشانه­ های مشخصی مربوط به قارچ‌های خانواده Botryosphaeriaceae مانند شانکر و تغییر رنگ سکتور مانند بر روی برخی از درختان مشاهده گردید. بنابراین مطالعه حاضر با هدف شناسایی و تعیین بیماری­ زایی جدایه‌های Botryosphaeriaceae همراه با این علایم انجام شد. نمونه برداری از شاخه درختان بیمار انجام شد و جداسازی عوامل قارچی از بافت تغییر رنگ یافته چوب بر روی محیط PDA صورت گرفت. شناسایی جدایه­ ها بر اساس ویژگی­ های ریخت‌شناسی و تجزیه و تحلیل ترادف­ های مربوط به ژن tef-1α انجام گردید. آزمون بیماری­ زایی برای جدایه های منتخب بر روی شاخه ­های بریده شده فندق صورت گرفت. در این مطالعه، 31 جدایه با ویژگی‌های شبیه به Botryosphaeriaceae (رشد سریع و پرگنه‌های خاکستری تا تیره) از درختان فندق جداسازی گردید که بر اساس ویژگی‌های ریخت‌شناسی و تجزیه و تحلیل ‌تبارشناسی مبتنی بر ژن tef1a به عنوان Botryosphaeria dothidea تشخیص داده شدند. جدایه­ های انتخاب شده برای آزمون بیماری‌زایی بعد از گذشت 45 روز باعث ایجاد تغییر رنگ بافت چوب بر روی شاخه ­های مایه ­زنی شده گردیدند. اگرچه برخی از گونه‌های Botryosphaeriaceae قبلا از درختان فندق با نشانه­ های زوال در دنیا گزارش شده‌اند، با این وجود این تحقیق اولین گزارش از وجود و بیماری­ زایی گونه B. dothidea بر روی درختان فندق در دنیا می ­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Branch canker of hazelnut trees caused by Botryosphaeria dothidea in Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • H. Mohammadi 1
  • M. Jabbari Firoozjah 2
1 Associate Professor, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman
2 Former M.Sc. student, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives
The Botryosphaeriaceae (Botryosphaeriales, Ascomycetes) is a family of fungi that have a cosmopolitan distribution and occur on a wide range of woody plants. A field survey was conducted on trunk diseases of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) trees in Babol (Mazandaran province) during spring and summer of 2016. Symptoms typical of infection by the Botryosphaeriaceae species such as canker and wedge-shaped wood necrosis have been recorded in some trees. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to identify and pathogenicity of the Botryosphaeriaceaeisolates associated with wood necrosis of hazelnut trees in this region of Iran.
Materials and Methods
Wood samples were collected from branches of trees showing canker and wood necrosis symptoms. Fungal isolation was made from the margin between healthy and necrotic wood tissues. Wood pieces were cut from the affected tissues, surface-disinfected for 1 min in a 0.5 % sodium hypochlorite solution, and washed twice with sterile distilled water. Wood segments were plated on potato dextrose agar (PDA), and incubated at 25 °C in the dark. Single spore cultures were derived from all isolate prior to morphological and molecular identification. Fungal isolates were identified based on morphology, culture characteristics and sequence analysis of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef-1α) region. Pathogenicity test was conducted for representative isolates on detached shoots of hazelnut under greenhouse conditions.
Results
In this study 31 isolates resembling of the Botryosphaeriaceae in colony and culture (fast growing, greyish to dark cultures) were obtained. According to morphological characters, as well as phylogenetic analyses of tef-1α gene, all isolated were identified as Botryosphaeria dothidea. Selected isolates used in pathogenicity test caused wood discoloration on inoculated branches after 45 days. Our results showed a variation in wood lesion lengths and re-isolation frequencies of inoculated isolates.
Discussion
This study represents the first attempt to identify and test the pathogenicity of Botryosphaeriaceae associated with canker disease of hazelnut trees in Iran. Some species of Botryosphaeriaceae had previously been found in declining hazelnut trees. However, this is the first report of occurrence and pathogenicity of B. dothidea on hazelnut in the world.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Botryosphaeriaceae
  • Trunk fungal pathogens
  • Mazandaran province
  • Iran
  • tef-1α

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گیاه پزشکی
دوره 42، شماره 3
آبان 1398
صفحه 1-15

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