ارزیابی توان تشکیل هسته یخ باکتری‌های جداسازی شده از ژنوتیپ‌های تجاری نیشکر

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی-فارسی

نویسندگان

1 گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران

2 استاد دانشگاه بوعلی سینا

3 استادیار دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

چکیده

استان خوزستان تنها استان نیشکر خیز ایران محسوب می­ شود و سرمازدگی در بعضی از سال­ ها خسارت زیادی به این محصول ارزشمند وارد می­ کند. از آن­جایی‌ که تاکنون پژوهش جامعی در زمینه‌ی شناسایی باکتری­ هایی با پتانسیل تشکیل هسته­ ی یخ در سرمازدگی انجام‌ نشده است این پژوهش با این هدف انجام شد. در این بررسی، از استرین­ های اندوفیت و اپی­فیت جداشده از گیاه نیشکر واقع در مؤسسه تحقیقات و آموزش نیشکر و صنایع جانبی استفاده شد. ژن مولد هسته­ ی یخ توسط جفت آغازگرهای 3076f/3463r و 3308f/3463r ردیابی شد. برای بررسی پتانسیل یخ­زدگی استرین­ های نماینده، چهار آزمون "تعیین فعالیت هسته­ ی یخ به روش انجماد درون لوله"، "آزمون انجماد قطره در دمای منفی بیست درجه سانتی­گراد"، "آزمون هسته­ ی یخ روی برگ­ های بریده شده در شرایط آزمایشگاه" و "آزمون هسته ی یخ روی گیاه نیشکر در شرایط گلخانه" انجام شد. در پایان گونه ­های Burkholderia gladioli،Burkholderia fungorum، Burkholderia cantaminans،Mesorhizobium huakuii،Ochrabacterium ciceri،Microbacterium proteolyticum، Microbacterium foliorum، Ralstonia solanacearum، Ralstonia picketiiوXanthomonas compestris با شدت­­ های مختلف علائم سرمازدگی را در آزمون ­های مذکور نشان دادند. برای هیچ­کدام از استرین­ های گونه‌های مذکور، به­ غیر از استرین‌های گونه X. campestris در منابع و پژوهش­ های پیشین، فعالیت هسته­ ی یخ گزارش نشده است. آزمون‌های بررسی فعالیت هسته ­ی یخ استرین‌های انجام‌شده در آزمایشگاه و گلخانه نیز تأییدکننده نتایج حاصل از آزمون مولکولی بودند. علاوه بر آن، براساس این آزمون­ ها مشخص شد که رقم CP69-1062 حساس­ترین و رقم CP73-21 مقاوم­ترین رقم نسبت به مشکل سرمازدگی است. این نتایج اطلاعات خوبی برای تولیدکنندگان و تشویق آن­ها به استفاده از ارقام مقاوم فراهم می­ آ­ورد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of ice nucleation ability of bacteria isolated from commercial sugarcane genotypes

نویسندگان [English]

  • H. Moazzen Rezamahalleh 1
  • GH. Khodakaramian 2
  • N. Hassanzadeh 1
  • H. Rajabi Memari 3
1 Department of Plant Protection, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran
2 Professor, Bu–Ali Sina University
3 Assistant Professor, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives
Khuzestan is the only province with sugarcane cultivation. One of the limiting factors in the production of this crop is the occurrence of frost damages in some years. Since no comprehensive research has yet been conducted on detection and evaluation of bacteria with the potential to form nuclear ice in frostbite, this study was carried out to evaluate this subject.
Materials and Methods
This study was carried out in the laboratory of Institute for Research and Training of Sugar and Auxiliary Industries. Endophytic and epiphytic strains of bacteria were isolated from sugarcane. To test the freezing potential of representative strains, four tests including, "determination of Ice nucleation activity by freezing in the tube", "freezing droplet test at -20 °C", "Ice nucleation test on sugarcane cut leaves in vitro" and "Ice nucleation test on sugarcane plant in greenhouse conditions" were performed. Also the genes of the nucleus were detected by 3076f / 3463r and 3308f / 3463r specific primers.
Results
Results show that bacteria species B. gladioli, B. fungorum, B. cantaminans, M. huakuii, O. ciceri, M. proteolyticum, M. Foliorum, R. solanacearum , R. picketii and X. campestris had different degrees of symptoms. In addition, the genes of the nucleus were detected by 3076f / 3463r and 3308f / 3463r specific primers. For all of above mentioned bacterial strains, specifically strain X. campestris, no references have been reported of ice nucleation activity. To assess susceptibility or resistance of sugarcane, cultivar CP69-1062 were the most susceptible and highly damaged in the tests including "Ice nucleation test on sugarcane cut leaves in vitro" and "Ice nucleation test on sugarcane plant in greenhouse conditions". In addition, CP57-614 and CP48-103 cultivars showed minimum variation in frosting in compression to CP69-1062 cultivar. Two cultivars including CP73-21 and SP70-1143 exhibited a high degree of resistance to frostbite.
Discussion
Due to the high variation among Ice-Nucleating bacteria and the sensitivity of commercial cultivars, our finding can be a suitable option for producers and encourage them to use resistant cultivars in the field.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Endophytic bacteria
  • Ice Nucleation-Activity
  • Burkholderia sp
  • freezing droplet

مراجع

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گیاه پزشکی
دوره 42، شماره 4
دی 1398
صفحه 25-38

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