مقاومت نسبی برخی از ارقام و لاین‌های منتخب گندم نسبت به بیماری زنگ سیاه (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici)

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی-فارسی

نویسندگان

1 بخش تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، مرکز تحقیقات و آمورش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل

2 بخش تحقیقات غلات، موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج

چکیده

نبود مقاومت پایدار در ارقام گندم، دلیل اصلی همه گیری­ های زنگ ساقه (سیاه) است که می تواند تولید گندم در برخی از نقاط جهان را محدود کند. در این مطالعه به منظور تشخیص منابع احتمالی دارای مقاومت نسبی نسبت به زنگ سیاه، که نوعی مقاومت پایدار و غیر اختصاص- نژادی است، شاخص­ های مقاومت نسبی شامل ضریب آلودگی (CI)، شدت نهایی بیماری (FDS)، نرخ آلودگی ظاهری (r) و مقدار نسبی سطح زیر منحنی پیشرفت بیماری (rAUDPC) در 26 ژنوتیپ گندم همراه با شاهد حساس (مخلوط رقم­ McNair و لاین CD-90-12 ) طی سال زراعی 98-1397 در مزرعه آزمایشی ایستگاه تحقیقات کشاورزی آلاروق اردبیل ارزیابی شدند. ارزیابی ژنوتیپ­ ها در مزرعه تحت شرایط آلودگی طبیعی و در برابر جمعیت پاتوتیپ دارای پرآزاری برای ژن ­های مقاومت­Sr25 ،­Sr5 ،Sr6 ­،­Sr7a ،Sr9f ،­Sr9e ­،Sr13 ،Sr23 ،­Sr28 ،­Sr29 ،­Sr30 ،­Sr33 ،­Sr34 ،­Sr37 ،­SrDP2 ،­SrGT ،­SrPL، ­SrWLD، SrH و SrTmp انجام شد. واکنش گیاهچه ­ای نیز در شرایط گلخانه در برابر پاتوتیپ­ های­TKTTF (دو جدایه) و TTTTF انجام شد. بر اساس آن، ارقام گاسکوژن،MV17 و گنبد مقادیر پایینی از CI ،FRS ،r و rAUDPC را نشان دادند و به عنوان گروه دارای سطح مطلوب مقاومت نسبی (تدریجی) در نظر گرفته شدند. نه رقم یا لاین مقادیر متوسطی از شاخص ­های مقاومت به زنگ ساقه را نشان دادند و به عنوان لاین­ های دارای سطح متوسط مقاومت نسبی برای زنگ ساقه در نظر گرفته شدند. شش رقم یا لاین نیز دارای سطح پایین مقاومت نسبی و بقیه ژنوتیپ­ ها در گروه لاین­ های حساس و بدون هیچ نوع مقاومت نسبی گروه ­بندی شدند. ژنوتیپ های زارع، گاسکوژن، گنبد، N-91-9 و N-93-15 با توجه به واکنش گیاهچه­ ای حساس (حداقل در برابر یک پاتوتیپ) و واکنش نیمه مقاوم (MR) تا نیمه حساس (MS) در مرحله گیاه بالغ به احتمال زیاد دارای تعداد ژن مقاومت نسبی بیشتری در برابر عامل بیماری هستند. ژنوتیپ­ های دارای سطح مطلوب و متوسط مقاومت نسبی که در این مطالعه تشخیص داده شدند می‌توانند برای معرفی رقم کاندید شده یا در برنامه­ های به ­نژادی گندم نسبت به زنگ ساقه استفاده شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Partial resistance of some wheat cultivars and candidate lines against stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici)

نویسندگان [English]

  • S. Safavi 1
  • A. Malihipour 2
1 Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center
2 Department of Cereal Research, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Karaj
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives
Among biotic stresses, stem (black) rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is considered to be the most destructive disease of wheat in some countries and its damage reaches 100% in the years of epidemic on susceptible cultivars. Lack of durable resistance in wheat cultivars is the main reason for the black rust epidemics that can limit wheat production in some parts of the world. Today, it is possible to manage rusts with effective and new fungicides. However, growing resistant cultivars is the most effective, economical, and environmentally safe approach for disease management. Therefore, this study was performed in order to identify potential sources of partial resistance to black rust, which is a stable and non-race specific.
Materials and Methods
The partial resistance parameters including coefficient of infection (CI), final disease severity (FDS), apparent infection rate (r) and relative area under disease progression curve (rAUDPC) were assessed in a set of twenty six wheat genotypes along with susceptible control (Mixture of McNair and line; CD-90-12) during 2018-2019 cropping year. This study was conducted in field plots at Ardabil Agricultural Research Station (Iran). All genotypes were evaluated under natural infection conditions against race population having virulence to resistance genes; Sr25, Sr5, Sr6, Sr7a, Sr9e, Sr13, Sr23, Sr28, Sr29, Sr30, Sr33, Sr34, Sr37, SrDP2, SrGT, SrWLD, SrH and SrTmp. Seedling reaction was also appraised under greenhouse conditions against TKTTF (two isolates) and TTTTF pathotypes.
Results
The results showed that genotypes Gascogne, MV17 and Gonbad having low levels of CI, FRS, r and rAUDPC were considered as the group with desirable level of partial resistance. Nine cultivars/lines showed moderate values ​​of resistance parameters and were considered as genotypes with moderate level of partial resistance for stem rust. Six lines had low partial resistance and the rest of the lines were grouped in susceptible group without any partial resistance.
Discussion
Genotypes Zare, Gascogne, Gonbad, N-91-9, and N-91-15 due to susceptible reaction (at least against to one pathotype) at seedling and moderately resistant to moderately susceptible response at the adult plant stage are likely to have the more number of partial resistance genes. Genotypes with desirable and moderate levels of partial resistance identified from this study can be used to introduce candidate varieties or in wheat breeding programs to stem rust.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Wheat
  • stem rust
  • pathotype
  • partial resistance
  • area under disease progress curve

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گیاه پزشکی
دوره 43، شماره 1
اردیبهشت 1399
صفحه 31-52

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