بررسی پارامترهای زیستی کنه تارتن دولکه‌ای، Tetranychus urticae، روی دو گیاه دارای ترکیبات شبه‌هورمون حشرات

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی-فارسی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی سابق کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه مراغه

2 استادیار دانشگاه مراغه

چکیده

گیاهان در دفاع از خود در مقابل بندپایان (حشرات و کنه‌ها) ممکن است ترکیباتی را ترشح کنند که سیستم درون­ ریز آنها را مختل کند. اکدیستروئیدهای گیاهی و شبه­ هورمون­ های جوانی از جمله این ترکیبات هستند. گیاه اسفناج به عنوان گیاهی که اکدیستروئیدهای گیاهی را سنتز و ذخیره می­کند و گیاه همیشه­ بهار به عنوان گیاهی که ترکیبات شبه هورمون جوانی را دارد شناسایی شده ­اند. کنه تارتن دولکه­ ای با نام علمی Tetranychus urticae Kochیک آفت پلی ­فاژ در بسیاری از نقاط دنیا است که نسبت به سموم مقاومت پیدا کرده است. از آنجا که شبه‌هورمون‌های حشرات انتخابی عمل می ­کنند و برای محیط زیست سالم هستند بعضی از این ترکیبات می ­توانند با حشره­ کش ­ها رقابت کنند. در این مطالعه، اثر گیاهان اسفناج و همیشه ­بهار روی پارامترهای رشد جمعیت کنه تارتن دولکه ­ای بررسی شد. مطالعات با استفاده از دیسک­ های برگی در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و با 50 تکرار انجام شد. نرخ ذاتی افزایش جمعیت این آفت روی اسفناج و همیشه ­بهار به ترتیب 2188/0 و 0199/0-، نرخ متناهی افزایش جمعیت 244/1 و0980/0، نرخ خالص تولیدمثل52/21 و 74/0 و مدت زمان تکمیل یک نسل 14 و 75/16 روز محاسبه شد. نتیجه تحقیق نشان داد که کنه تارتن به طور منفی تحت تاثیر ترکیبات گیاه همیشه­ بهار قرار گرفت و تنها 10 % از جمعیت آن به مرحله بلوغ رسیدند در حالی که  روی میزبان اسفناج، به راحتی رشد خود را کامل نموده و در مرحله بلوغ نیز عملکرد آنها مشابه میزبان ­های اصلی­ اش بود. گیاه همیشه بهار دارای ترکیبات شبه هورمون جوانی است و این ترکیبات روی خصوصیات زیستی کنه T. urticae اثر منفی دارند. لذا از این ترکیبات می توان در مدیریت کنه تارتن دولکه‌ای استفاده نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Biological Parameters of Two-Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae, on Two Plants with Insect Hormone-Like Compounds

نویسندگان [English]

  • Z. Chapari 1
  • S. Khodayari 2
1 Former M.Sc. student, University of Maragheh
2 Assistant Professor, University of Maragheh
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Plants produce some compounds for defense against phytophagous insects and mites that may disrupt their endocrine system. Plant phytoecdysteroids and juvenoids are of these compounds that has been isolated and identified from some species. The main function of ecdysteriod is to stimulate development from one molting cycle to the next and compounds like that has been identified in Spinacea oleracea L.. The main function of JH in insect ontogenesis is to inhibit morphogenetic process and compounds like that has been identified in Calendula officinalis L.. The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is a polyphagous pest worldwide on a variety of host plants which has become resistant to pesticides. Since insect hormone-like compounds in plants, act selectively and are safe for environment they can compete with common pesticides.
Materials and Methods: A study was carried out to investigate the effect of above mentioned plants on biological parameters of T. urticae in the University of Maragheh. The life table parameters of T. urticae were studied on leaf discs under laboratory conditions (RH 65±5%, 25±1ºC and 16:8 h L:D) with 50 replicates. The raw data were analyzed based on age stage two-sex life table theory with TWO SEX-MS Chart software.
Results: The intrinsic rate of increase (r) were 0.2188 and -0.0199 day-1, the finite rate of increase (λ) were 1.244 and 0.0980 day-1, the net reproductive rate (R0) were 21.52 and 0.74 (eggs/individual), the mean generation time (T) were 14 and 16.75 days, and the gross reproduction rate (GRR) were 48.37 and 5.7 (eggs/individual) on Spinacea oleracea and Calendula officinalis, respectively.
Discussion: The results showed that Calendula officinalis affect T. urticae negatively and only 10% of the mite population can mature on this host. Spinacea oleracea had no inhibitory effect on the biology of T. urticae and the performance of this mite on this host was like its performance on its main hosts. Calendula officinalis has juvenoid compounds that have negative effects on biology of T. urticae. So these compounds can be used in the management of T. urtcae.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Tetranychus urticae
  • Spinacea
  • life table
  • Calendula

مراجع

Abd-El-Megeed, K. N. 1999. Studies on the molluscicidal activity of Calendula micrantha officinalis (Compositae) on fascioliasis transmitting snails. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 29(1): 183-192.
Alexenizer, M. and Dorn, A. 2007. Screening of medicinal and ornamental plants for insecticidal and growth regulating activity. Journal of Pest Science, 80(4): 205-215.
Attia, S., Grissa, K. L., Mailleux, A. C., Heuskin, S., Lognay, G. and Hance, T. 2012a. Acaricidal activities of Santolina africana and Hertia cheirifolia essential oils against the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae). Pest Management Science, 68: 1069–1076.
Attia, S., Grissa, K. L., Ghrabi, Z. G., Mailleux, A. C., Lognay, G. and Hance, T. 2012b. Acaricidal activity of 31 essential oils extracted from plants collected in Tunisia. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 24: 279–288.
Attia, S., Grissa, K. L., Lognay, G., Bitume, E., Hance, T. and Mailleux, A. C. 2013. A review of the major biological approaches to control the worldwide pest Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) with special reference to natural pesticides. Journal of Pest Science, 86: 361-386.
Bede, J. C. and Tobe, S. S. 2000. Insect juvenile hormones in plants. In: Atta-ur-Rahmen, F. R. S. (Ed.). Studies in natural products chemistry bioactive natural products. Part C. Vol. 22. Elsevier. pp. 369-418.
Chadin, I., Volodin, V., Whiting, P., Shirshova, T., Kolegova, N. and Dinan, L. 2003. Ecdysteroid content and distribution in plants of the genus Potamogeton L. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 31: 407–415.
Chi, H. S. I. N. and Liu, H. 1985. Two new methods for the study of insect population ecology. Bulletin of institute of zoology Academy Sinica, 24(2): 225-240.
Chiasson, H., Bélanger, A., Bostanian, N., Vincent, C. and Poliquin, A. 2001. Acaricidal properties of Artemisia absinthium and Tanacetum vulgare (Asteraceae) essential oils obtained by three methods of extraction. Journal of Economic Entomology, 94: 167–171.
Chiasson, H., Bostanian, N. J. and Vincent, C. 2004. Acaricidal properties of a chenopodium-based botanical. Journal of Economic Entomology, 97: 1373–1377.
Dinan, L. 1995. Distribution and levels of phytoecdysteroids within individual plants of species of the Chenopodiaceae. European Journal of Entomology, 92: 295-300.
Dinan, L. 2001. Phytoecdysteroids: Biological aspects. Phtochemistry, 57(3): 325-339.
Dinan, L. and Hormann, R. E. 2005. Ecdysteroid agonists and antagonists. In: Gilbert, L.I., Iatrou, K. and Gill, S. (Eds.). Comprehensive molecular insect science. Vol. 3. Elsevier. pp. 197–242.
Dinan, L., Harmatha, J., Volodin, V. and Lafont, R. 2009. Phytoecdysteroids: diversity, biosynthesis and distribution. In: Smagghe, G. (Ed.). Ecdysone: Structures and Functions. Springer. pp. 3-45.
Grebenok, R. J. and Adler, J. H. 1993. Ecdysteroid biosynthesis during the ontogeny of spinach leaves. Phytochemistry, 33: 341–347.
Grebenok, R. J., Ripa, P. V. and Adler, J. H. 1991. Occurrence and levels of ecdysteroids in spinach. Lipids 26: 666–668.
Huber, R. and Hoppe, W. 1965. Die Kristall- und Molekülstrukturanalyse des Insektenverpuppungshormons Ecdyson mit der automatisierten Faltmolekülmethode. Chemische Berichte, 98: 2403–2404.
Hussein, K. T. 2005. Suppressive effect of Calendula micrantha essential oil and giberlic acid (PGR) on reproductive potential of Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata Wied (Diptera: Tephritidae). Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology, 35(2): 365-377.
Johnson, W.T. and Lyon, H. H. 1991. Insects that feed on trees and shrubs. Cornell University, Ithaca. P. 560.
Khodayari, S. 2017. Effect of Fosfalim-k foliar spray of cucumber varieties on some characteristics of host plant and life table parameters of two-spotted spider mite. Research report. University of Maragheh. P. 60. (in Farsi with English summary)
Kubo, I., Klocke, J. A. and Asano, S. 1983. Effects of ingested phytoecdysteroids on the growth and development of two lepidopterous larvae. Journal of Insect Physiology, 29: 307–316.
Kubo, I., Klocke, J. A. and Asano, S. 1981. Insect ecdysis inhibitors from the East African medicinal plant Ajuga remota (Labiatae). Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 45: 1925–1927.
Nakanishi, K., Koreeda, M., Sasaki, S., Chang, M. L. and Hsu, H. Y. 1966. Insect hormones. The structure of ponasterone A, insect-moulting hormone from the leaves of Podocarpus nakaii Hay. Chemical Communications, 24: 915-917.
Nematollahi, N. and Khodayari, S. 2018. Effects of salinity and draught stressed bean plants on life–history parameters of Tetranychus urtica. Proceedings of the 23rd Iranian Plant Protection Congress, 27-30 Aug., Gorgan. P. 1571. (in Farsi with English summary)
Qu, Z. Bendena W .G., Tobe, S. S. and Hui, J. H. L. 2018. Juvenile hormone and sesquiterpenoids in arthropods: Biosynthesis, signaling, and role of microRNA. The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 184: 69–76.
Rawi, S. M., El-Gindy, H. and Abd-El-Kader, A. 1996. New possible molluscicides from Calendula micrantha officinalis and Ammi majus. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 35: 261-267.
Rharrabe, K., Alla, S., Maria, A., Sayah, F. and Lafont, R. 2007. Diversity of detoxification pathways of ingested ecdysteroids among phytophagous insects. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, 65: 65–73.
Schmelz, E. A., Grebenok, R. J., Galbraith, D. W. and Bowers, W. S. 1998. Damage-induced accumulation of phytoecdysteroids in spinach: a rapid root response involving the octadecanoic acid pathway. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 24: 339–360.
Schmelz, E. A., Grebenok, R. J., Ohnmeiss, T. E. and Bowers, W. S. 2002. Interactions between Spinacia oleracea and Bradysia impatiens: a role for phytoecdysteroids. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology, 51(4): 204-221.
Shi, G. L., Zhao, L. L., Liu, S. Q., Cao, H., Clarke, S. R. and Sun, J. H. 2006. Acaricidal activities of extracts of Kochia scoparia against Tetranychus urticae, Tetranychus cinnabarinus, and Tetranychus viennensis (Acari: Tetranychidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 99: 858–863.
Slama, K. 1979. Insect hormones and antihormones in plants. In: Rosenthal, G. A. and Berenbaum, M. R. (Eds.). Herbivores: Their interactions with secondary plant metabolites. Academic press, NewYork. pp. 683-700.
Slama, K. and Williams, C. M. 1966. ‘Paper factor’ as an inhibitor of the embryonic development of the European bug, Pyrrhocoris apterus. Nature, 210: 329-330.
Tehri, K. 2014. A review on reproductive strategies in two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch 1836 (Acari: Tetranychidae). Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 2(5): 48-52.
Toong, Y., Schooley, D. and Baker, F. 1988. Isolation of insect juvenile hormone III from a plant. Nature, 333: 170–171.
گیاه پزشکی
دوره 43، شماره 1
اردیبهشت 1399
صفحه 53-65

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار