شناسایی نماتدهای مرتبط با درختان بلوط جنگل‏های شهرستان خرم‌آباد

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی-فارسی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه لرستان

2 استادیار دانشگاه لرستان

3 دانشیار دانشگاه لرستان

چکیده

به منظور شناسایی نماتدهای مرتبط با جنگل‏ های بلوط شهرستان خرم‏ آباد طی سال‏های 1393-1394، 82 نمونه از خاک اطراف ریشه و پوست درختان بلوط شهرستان خرم ‏آباد جمع‏آوری شد. پس از استخراج، کشتن و تثبیت نماتدها شناسایی گونه ‏ها براساس ویژگی‏ های ریخت‏ شناختی و ریخت‏ سنجی با استفاده از میکروسکوپ نوری مجهز به دوربین دیجیتالی انجام گرفت. در این بررسی 26 گونه از فوق بالا خانواده‏ی Tylenchomorpha و خانواده Longidoridae شناسایی شدند. نام این گونه‌ها به شرح زیر است:
Aphelenchus avenae, Laimaphelenchus australis L. penardi, Paraphelenchus amblyurus, Aprutides guidetti, Ditylenchus medicaginis, D. anchilisposomus,D. parvus,Mesocriconema antipolitanum, Amplimerlinius globigerus, Scutylenchus rugosus, Merlinius brevidens, M. nanus, Trophurus ussuriensis, Helicotylenchus digonicus, H. exallus, H. vulgaris, Pratylenchoides ritteri, Pratylenchus neglectus, p . thornei, Zygotylenchus guevarai,Boleodorus thylactus, Discotylenchus sp, Psilenchus hilarulus, Paratylenchus similis, Xiphinema index

از بین گونه‏ های شناسایی شده 19 گونه برای اولین ‏بار از ریزوسفر درختان بلوط ایران گزارش می ‏شوند. در طی این  تحقیق همچنین گونه ‏های Laimaphelenchus australis و جمعیت نر گونه L. penardi از پوست تنه درختان جمع‏ آوری شدند و برای اولین ‏بار از ایران گزارش می‏ شوند، حضور این نماتدهای قارچ‏ خوار می‏ تواند بر تعادل قارچ‏ های اندوفیتی تأثیر بگذارد که مهمترین عوامل تعیین کننده سلامت  ریشه، پوست و تنه گیاهان هستند. در این مقاله توصیف کامل این دو گونه همراه با گونه ‏ی Ditylenchus anchilisposomus که برای اولین ‏بار به طور کامل شرح داده می‏ شود، ارائه گردیده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identification of plant parasitic nematodes associated with oak trees in Khoramabad city, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • F. Mehrabian 1
  • E. Bazgir 2
  • K. Azizi 2
  • M. Darvishnia 3
1 Former M. Sc. student , Lorestan University
2 Assistant professor, Lorestan university
3 Associate professor, Lorestan University
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives
The accurate identification of taxons especially species and genera is very important for a better understanding of biology, ecology, life cycle and other aspects such as pathogenicity.
Materials and Methods
In order to identify plant parasitic nematodes associated with oak trees of Khoramabad city, Iran, 82 soil and foliar samples of oak trees were collected from different regions of Khoramabad city, during 2014 and 2015. After extraction, killing and fixation of nematodes, identification of species was carried out considering morphological and morphometrical characters using a digital camera equipped light microscope.
Results
In this study, 26  nematodes species From Tylenchomorpha infraorder and Longidoridae family including: Aphelenchus avenae,Laimaphelenchus australis L. penardi, Paraphelenchus amblyurus,Aprutides guidetti, Ditylenchus medicaginis, D. anchilisposomus,D. parvus,Mesocriconema antipolitanum,Amplimerlinius globigerus, Scutylenchus rugosus, Merlinius brevidens, M. nanus,Trophurus ussuriensis, Helicotylenchus digonicus, H. exallus, H. vulgaris, Pratylenchoides ritteri, Pratylenchus neglectus, P. thornei, Zygotylenchus guevarai, Boleodorus thylactus,Discotylenchus sp, Psilenchus hilarulus, Paratylenchus similis, and Xiphinema index were identified.
Discussion: Among the identified nematodes, 19 species are reported for the first time from oak tree in Iran. Laimaphelenchus australis is characterized by ventrally arcuate body; cephalic region set off; four incisures in lateral field; vulva without a flap, post-uterine sac extending for about one-third the vulva-anus distance, tail conoid with a single stalk-like terminus and four pedunculate tubercles.L. penardi male nematodes by are morphology similar to that of female, 12.9-13.1 μm long stylet, 25.2-26.0 μm long spicule, testis outstretched, spermatocytes in a single column, spicules paired, rosethorn–shaped, with prominent capitulum and rostrum broad with bluntly rounded tip. L. australis and male of L. penardiare new records for the nematofauna of Iran. These fungal nematodes are likely to affect the balance of endophytic fungi populations on oak trees, indicating the importance of identifying these nematodes, and D. anchilisposomus is re-described herein.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ditylenchus
  • Fauna
  • Forest
  • Laimaphelenchus
  • Lorestan

مراجع

Anonymus, 2011. Mapping rangelands and watershed management project of forest country. Department of Natural Resources and Watershed of Lorestan Province, Engineering and Research office (In Persian).
Asghari, R., Pourjam, E., Heydari, R., and Zhao, Z. Q. 2012. Laimaphelenchus persicus n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) from Iran. Zootaxa,3325: 59–67.
Azizi, K., Eskandari, A., and Asghari, R. 2015. Morphological and molecular study of Laimaphelenchus penardi (Steiner, 1914) Filipjev & Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941 (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) from Iran. Acta Zoologica Bulgarica, 67: 345-350.
Barooti, SH., Noruzi, R., and Teymori, F. 2008. Nematode associated with oak trees from south of Lorestan province. Proceeding of the 18th Iranian Plant Protection Congress, Hamedan, Iran. P. 603.
Baujard P. 1981. Revue taxonomique du genre Laimaphelenchus Fuchs, 1937 description de Laimaphelenchus pini n. sp. Revue Nématol, 4: 75-92.
Boag, B. 1974. Nematodes associated with forest and woodland trees in Scotland. Annals of Applied Biology, 77: 41-50.
Brito, J. A., Han, H., Stanley, J. D., Hao, M., and Dickson, D. W. 2013. First report of laurel oak as a host for the pecan root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne partityla in Florida. Plant Disease, 97: 151.
Brzeski, M. W. 1991. Review of the genus Ditylenchus Filipjev, 1936 (Nematoda: Anguinidae). Revue de Nématologie, 14: 9-59.
Chalanska, A., and Labanowski, G. 2014. The effect of edaphic factors on the similarity of parasitic nematodes in the soil sampled in nurseries of ornamental trees and shrubs. Horticultural Research, 22: 21-28.
Cram, M. M., and Fraedrich, S. W. 2012. Nematode damage and management in North American forest nurseries. Tree Planters’ Notes, 55: 27-35.
De Grisse, A. T. 1969. Redescription ou modification de quelques techniques utilisees dans l’tude des nematodes phytoparasitaries. Mededelingen Rijksfaculteit Landbouwweteschappen Gent, 34: 351-369.
De Ley, P., and Blaxter, M. L. 2004. A new system for Nematoda: combining morphological characters with molecular trees, and translating clades into ranks and taxa, In R. Cook, & D. J. Hunt (Eds). Nematology monographs and perspectives. E. Brill, the Netherlands. pp. 633-653.
Eskandari, A., Karegar, A., Pourjam, E., and Alizadeh, A. 2006. Three new records of Criconematidae from Iran. Iranian Journal of Plant Pathology, 42: 153-157 (In Persian with English abstract).
Filipjev, I., and Schuurmans Stekhoven, J. J. 1941. A manual of agricultural Helminthology. Leiden, Netherlands (E.J: Brill). 878 p.
Fortuner, R. 1982. On the genus Dilylenchus Filipjev, 1936 (Nernatoda: Tylenchida). Revue de Nematologie, 5: 17-38.
Golden, A. M., and Kaplan, D. T. 1986. Description of Meloidogyne christiein. sp. (Nematoda: Meloidogynidae) from oak with SEM and host-range observations. Journal of Nematology, 18: 533-540.
Kheiri, A. 1972. Plant parasitic nematodes (Tylenchida) from Iran. Biologisch Jaarboek Dodonaea 40: 224-239.
Lownsbery, J.W., and Lownsbery, B. F. 1985. Plant-Parasitic nematodes associated with forest trees in California. California Agricultural Experiment Station 53: 1-16.
Marvi Mohajer, M. R. 2012. Forest science and silviculture. 3rd ed., University of Tehran press. 386 p (In Persian).
Peneva, V., Neilson, R., Boag, B., and Brown, D. J. F. 2000. Criconematidae (Nematoda) from oak forests in two nature reserves in Russia. Systematic Parasitology, 46: 191–201.

Perry, E. J., and Ploeg, A. T. 2010. Nematodes: integrated pest management for home gardeners and landscape professionals. University of California Publication. 5 p.

Sabeti, H. A. 2003. Forests, Iran trees and shrubs. 3rd ed., University of Yazd press. 806 p (Persion).
Sohrabi, E., Tanha Maafi, Z., Panahi, P., and Barooti, S. 2015. First report of northern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla, parasitic on Oaks, Quercus brantii and Q. infectoria in Iran. Journal of Nematology, 47: 86.
Steiner, G. 1914. Freilebende Nematoden aus der Sc.hweiz. Arch. Hydrobiof. PlankfonKunde, 9: 259-276.
Talebi, M., Sagheb Talebi, KH., and Jahanbazi Goojani, H. 2006. Site demands and some quantitative and qualitative Characteristics of Persian Oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) in Chaharmahal & Bakhtiari Province (Western Iran). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research, 14: 67-79 (In Persion with English Summary).
Tanha Maafi, Z., and Decraemer, W. 2002. Description of Trichodorus gilanensis n. sp. from a forest park in Iran and observations on Paratrichodorus tunisiensis (Siddiqi, 1963) Siddiqi, 1974 (Nematoda: Diphtherophorina). Nematology 4: 43-54.
Tarjan, A. C. 1958. A new genus, Pseudhalenchus (Tylenchinae: Nematoda), with descriptions of two new species. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 25: 20-25.
Vovlas, N., Subbotin S. A., Trooccoli, A., Liebanas, G., and Castillo P. 2008. Molecular phylogeny of the genus Rotylenchus (Nematoda, Tylenchida) and description of a new species. Compilation, 37: 521-537.
Whitehead, A. G., and Heming, J. R. 1965. A comparison of some quantitative methods of extracting small vermiform nematodes from soil. Annals of Applied Biology, 55: 25-38.
Zhao, Z. Q., Davies, K. A., Riley, I. T., and Nobbs J. M. 2006. Laimaphelenchus australis sp. nov. (Nematoda: Aphelenchina) from exotic pines, Pinus radiata and P. pinaster, in Australia. Zootaxa, 1248: 35-44.
گیاه پزشکی
دوره 43، شماره 1
اردیبهشت 1399
صفحه 67-81

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار