اثر حشره‌کش اسپیروتترامات با افزودنی‌های مختلف روی پسیل معمولی پسته Agonoscena pistaciae (Hem.: Aphalaridae و زنبور پارازیتویید Psyllaephagus pistaciae (Hym.: Encyrtidae

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی-فارسی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد رفسنجان

2 استادیار، عضو هیات علمی پژوهشکده پسته، رفسنجان

3 استادیار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد رفسنجان

چکیده

پسیل معمولی پسته، Agonoscena pistaciae Burckharat and Lauterer، یکی از مهم­ترین آفات درختان پسته در ایران می‌باشد. پوره‌ها و حشرات کامل این آفت با تغذیه از شیره‌ی گیاهی خسارت جبران‌ناپذیری به محصول پسته وارد می‌کند. در این پژوهش تأثیر حشره­ کش اسپیروتترامات، صابون محلول ­پاشی جنوبگان و ترکیب اسپیروتترامات با صابون محلول­ پاشی جنوبگان، صابون تیمول و کاهنده‌ی اسیدیته سیترال روی این آفت در شرایط صحرایی بررسی شد. نمونه‌برداری‌ها یک روز قبل از سم‌پاشی و 2، 7، 14 و 21 روز بعد از سم‌پاشی انجام گرفت. همچنین، تأثیر تیمارهای مذکور روی زنبور Psyllaephagus pistaciae Ferrière به‌عنوان دشمن طبیعی این آفت بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که در 2، 14 و در 21 روز پس از سم­پاشی بیشترین درصد تأثیر مربوط به اسپیروتترامات همراه با کاهنده‌ی اسیدیته سیترال بود، اما تفاوت معنی ­داری بین این دو تیمار مشاهده نشد. کمترین درصد تأثیر مربوط به تیمار صابون محلول ­پاشی جنوبگان بود. نتایج نشان می­ دهد که به­ جز در روز دوم سم­پاشی در سایر روز­ها افزودن صابون جنوبگان، صابون تیمول و کاهنده اسیدیته سیترال به حشره ­کش اسپیروتترامات، افزایش معنی ­داری نسبت به اسپیروتترامات به‌تنهایی نداشته است. درصد تأثیر تیمارهای اسپیروتترامات، صابون محلول ­پاشی جنوبگان و ترکیب اسپیروتترامات با صابون محلول­ پاشی جنوبگان، صابون تیمول و کاهنده‌ی اسیدیته سیترال روی زنبور P. pistaciae به‌ترتیب 17/27، 63/22، 38/23، 52/15 و 00/19 درصد بود و این ترکیبات باتوجه به شاخص IOBC، در گروه ترکیبات بی ­خطر قرار گرفتند. یافته‌های این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که حشره‌کش اسپیروتترامات روی پسیل پسته تأثیر زیاد و تمامی ترکیب­ های مورد آزمایش روی زنبور پارازیتویید آن تأثیر کمی دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of spirotetramat with different additives on the common pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena Pistaciae (Order: Family) and parasitoid wasp, Psyllaephagus Pistaciae (Hym., Encyrtidae)

نویسندگان [English]

  • F. Ranjbar-Shoorabadi 1
  • M. Basirat 2
  • M. R., Hassani 3
1 Master's Degree Graduated, Rafsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University,
2 Assistant Professor, Member of scientific board, Pistachio Research Center, Rafsanjan
3 Assistant Professor, , Rafsanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives
Detergents and soaps can be used as co-adjuvants (in the tank) for conventional or biological pesticides. Detergents and soaps can also be applied first to debilitate pest insects and mites, and later along with spraying insecticides and miticides. In both cases, a rate reduction occurs for conventional and more expensive and restricted products. The spirotetramat as an insecticide is used to control the sucking insect pests. Surfactants are used for increasing the insecticide's effect. Water pH is one of the most important factors influencing efficiency of insecticides against the common pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), as the most important pest found in Iran's pistachio orchards. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of Jonobegan spraying soap, pH-reducing Citral soap ,and Thymol soap on the spirotetramat's efficiency in pistachio orchards and its effects on the parasitoid wasp, Psyllaephagus pistaciae (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae).
Materials and Methods
In this study, the effect of insecticides including spirotetramat (Monvento® SC 100), Jonobegan spraying soap, and spirotetramat mixture (Jonobegan, Thymol® soap, and pH-reducing Citral® soap) was investigated on reduction of population density of nymphs of the common pistachio psyllid under field conditions. Experiment was carried out as randomized complete block design with four replications and six treatments. Sampling was done one day before and 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after application of the treatments. Efficiency percentage of treatments on A. pistaciae was calculated by Henderson-Tilton formula. Means were compared by Tukey's test at P = 0.5%.
Results
The results showed a highly significant difference between the treatments including Jonobegan spraying soap, spirotetramat, spirotetramat + Thymolsoap, spirotetramat + Jonobegan spraying soap, and spirotetramat + pH-reducing Citral soap against A. pistaciae. According to the international organization for biological control (IOBC) indices, all the treatments were harmless for parasitoid wasp, p < /em>. pistaciae.
Discussion
Two days after application of the treatments, a significant difference was observed in the spirotetramat plus additives of Thymol soap, and pH-reducing Citral soap compared to spirotetramat alone. Because, the spirotetramat has a delaying effect, on 7, 14, and 21 days after application of the treatments, there was no significant difference between spirotetramat and spirotetramat plus additives in terms of reducing population density of the nymphs of A. pistaciae. The results showed that additives of Jonobegan spraying soap , Thymol soap ,and pH-reducing pH Citral soap could not increase the effect of spirotetramat significantly on 7, 14 ,and 21 days after application of the treatments. On 7 and 14 days after the intervention, the effect of spirotetramat in combination with pH-reducing Citral soap was significantly more than spirotetramat combined with Thymol soap and Jonobegan spraying soap. Also, it should be mentioned that all the treatments were harmless for parasitoid wasp, p < /em>. pistaciae.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Common Pistachio Psyllid
  • Psyllaephagus Pistaciae
  • Insecticidal Soap
  • Thymol
  • Citral Soaps

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گیاه پزشکی
دوره 43، شماره 2
شهریور 1399
صفحه 81-96

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