گزارش Fusarium proliferatum به عنوان عامل بیماری خشکیدگی برگ نخل خرما در استان خوزستان

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی-فارسی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی‌ دکتری‌ تخصصی‌ حشره شناسی کشاورزی،‌ گروه‌ گیاه‌پزشکی،‌ دانشکده‌ کشاورزی،‌ دانشگاه‌ شهید‌ چمران‌ اهواز،‌ اهواز،‌ ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه‌ گیاه‌پزشکی،‌ دانشکده‌ کشاورزی،‌ دانشگاه‌ شهید‌ چمران‌ اهواز،‌ اهواز،‌ ایران

3 دانشیار پژوهشی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، کرج، ایران

4 استاد، گروه‌ گیاه‌پزشکی،‌ دانشکده‌ کشاورزی،‌ دانشگاه‌ شهید‌ چمران‌ اهواز،‌ اهواز،‌ ایران

چکیده

در سالیان اخیر بیماری خشکیدگی برگ‌ به یکی از بیماری‌های مهم نخل خرما در مناطق وسیعی از نخلستان‌های خوزستان تبدیل شده است. هدف از این مطالعه، شناسایی عامل بیماری در استان خوزستان بوده است. عامل بیماری با استفاده از مشخصات ریخت‌شناسی و مولکولی شناسایی گردید. جهت شناسائی مولکولی عامل بیماری، یک جدایه‌ در محیط کشت مایع سیب‌زمینی دکستروز مایه‌زنی و سپسدی‏اِن‏اِیکل از ریسه‌های سرما-خشک شده استخراج شد. واکنش زنجیره‌ای پلی‌مراز با جفت آغازگرهای TEF171F و TEF1997R جهت تکثیر قسمتی از ناحیه tef1 انجام شد. براساس مقایسه ناحیه ‏ی توالی‌یابی شده tef1، گونه ‏ی نزدیک به گونه ‏ی مورد مطالعه، سویه تاییدشده و مرجع Fusariumproliferatumstrain TOR-55 با تشابه 55/99 درصدی تعیین شد. واکاوی‌های تبارشناسی جدایه‌ مورد مطالعه با توالی‌های مربوط به سویه‌های تیپ با استفاده از روش بیشینه‌ی درست‌نمایی، تعلق آن‌ را به این گونه تأیید کرد. آزمون بیماری‌زایی انجام و جداسازی مجدد از گیاهان مایه‌زنی شده صورت گرفت. این اولین گزارش از بیماری‌زایی F. proliferatum به عنوان عامل خشکیدگی برگ نخل در ایران است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Report of Fusarium proliferatum causing leaf wilt disease of date palm in Khuzestan Province

نویسندگان [English]

  • H. Ghaedi 1
  • F. Kocheili 2
  • M. Latifian 3
  • R. Farrokhi Nejad 4
1 Ph.D student of Agricultural Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Education and Extension Organization, Horticulture Science Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
4 Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objective
Date palm Phoenix dactylifera L. is one of the income sources of cultural and economic importance in several countries. Leaf wilt disease is one of the important diseases observed in palm gardens in Khuzestan province. Disease symptoms are observed as asymmetrical leaves drying. Fusarium proliferatum is a common pathogen infecting numerous crops, including banana, carnation, cycads, date palm, garlic, mango, maize, onion, rice, and sesame plants.
Materials and Methods
To identify the causal agent(s), infected samples were collected from Abadan, Khorramshahr, and Shadegan cities and transferred to the laboratory. The samples were then disinfected and cultured on potato dextrose agar (PDA) plates. Fungi were purified by the single-spore technique. For molecular identification, the colonies were inoculated in potato-dextrose broth (PDB) and the grown mycelium mass was used for DNA extraction. Polymerase chain reaction was done with reaction initiators of Tef171F and Tef1997R to replicate a part of the tef1 region.
Results
BLAST search showed that the sequence of the studied isolate was 99.55% similar to both the confirmed isolate and the reference of F. proliferatum strain TOR-55. Phylogenetic analysis of the isolate with sequences related to type strains, using the maximum likelihood, confirmed that they belonged to this species. Pathogenicity test was followed by re-isolation from the inoculated plants.
Discussion
These results indicated that all four concentrations were able to infect trees and cause disease symptoms and pathogenicity. However, disease severity was higher at 5×105 and 5×106 spores per ml than the other concentrations of spores used here. The second two concentrations of spores were more effective in drying of leaflets and leaves.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Wilt disease
  • Molecular methods
  • Fusarium

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گیاه پزشکی
دوره 43، شماره 3
آذر 1399
صفحه 21-34

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