بررسی مقاومت دیسک‌های غده‌ای سیب‌زمینی تحت درجه حرارت‌های مختلف به منظور کنترل بیماری پوسیدگی نرم باکتریایی سیب زمینی

نوع مقاله : گزارش کوتاه-فارسی

نویسنده

استادیار بخش کشاورزی، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، مجتمع آموزش عالی میناب، دانشگاه هرمزگان، بندرعباس، ایران

چکیده

بیماری پوسیدگی نرم باکتریایی سیب‌زمینی یکی از شایع‌ترین بیماری­های باکتریایی سیب ­زمینی محسوب می‌شود. در مطالعه حاضر درجه مقاومت سه رقم سیب‌زمینی آلوده شده توسط سویه‌های مختلف بیمارگرهای سیب‌زمینی (Pc، Pa و Dd) تحت درجه حرارت‌های مختلف (18، 28 و 33 درجه سانتی‌گراد) بررسی شد. ارقام سیب‌زمینی رقم اسکارب، وتراز و رقم ادیسای برای آلودگی با باکتری­ ها استفاده شد. آزمایش‌ها بصورت فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد و وزن بافت له شده هر دیسک بر حسب میلی‌گرم اندازه گیری شد. در این پژوهش رقم ادیسای یک رقم حساس و رقم اسکارب یک رقم نیمه مقاوم به بیمارگرهای بیماری ­زای سیب‌زمینی تشخیص داده شد. تعداد نسخه‌های کپی mRNA از دیسک‌های غده‌ای سیب‌زمینی آلوده شده با بیمارگرهای بیماری‌زا تحت درجه حرارت‌های ذکرشده، شمارش شده و بیان ژن‌های Pathogenesis related genes (PR) و ژن‌های پاسخ دفاعی سیب زمینی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد هنگامی که سیب ­زمینی به باکتری­ های پکتولیتیک آلوده ­شود، القاء ژن­ های PR-3،PR-5t  وPR-10  رخ می ­دهد.در دیسک­ های غده­ایِ رقم مقاوم سیب‌زمینی، میزان بیان ژن PR-5t  به طور قابل توجهی هم در حالت آلوده شدن با باکتری و هم بدون آلودگی، بالاتر از انواع حساس بود. نتایج نشان داد که بین بیان ژن PR-5t در دیسک‌های غده‌های سیب‌زمینی نیمه مقاوم و مقاومت آن‌ها در برابر بیماری پوسیدگی نرم باکتریایی در درجه حرارت­ های مختلف اعمال شده ارتباط معنی داری وجود دارد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating the resistance of Potato tubers under different temperatures related to Potato bacterial soft rot disease control

نویسنده [English]

  • H. Pasalari
Assistant professor, Agriculture Department, Production engineering and plant breeding Group, Minab Higher Education Center, University of Hormozgan, Bandar Abbas, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives
Potato bacterial soft rot is considered one of the most common bacterial diseases of Potato.Soft rot of potatoes was caused by a range of bacteria worldwide, such as Pectobacterium carotovorum subspecies carotovorum, Pectobacterium atrosepticum, and Dickeya species.The bacteria mainly attack the fleshy storage organs of their hosts (tubers, corms, bulbs, and rhizomes), they also affect succulent buds, stems, and petiole tissues. Controlling the disease is not always so effective, sanitary practices in production, storing, and processing which can be done to slow the spread of disease and protect yields. Little information is available on the effect of temperature on pathogen interaction with plants and the induction of PR genes. In the present study, an attempt was made to establish a relationship between the accumulation of PR proteins and the development of resistance obtained by infecting Potato tuberculosis cells with bacterial pathogens at different temperatures to  effectively control potato bacterial soft rot disease.
Materials and methods
Pectobacterium carotovorum, strains A2 and A14, Pectobacterium atrosepticum, strains A21 and A36, and Dickeya-dadantii ENA49 were used. Potato cultivars Scarab, Vetraz, and Odyssay, were used for the bacterial infection. The experiment was factorial with three replications based on a completely randomized design. The macerated tissue weight was measured in mg per disc. In other experiment, the relative value of mRNA copies of studying genes was determined in potato tuber cells of two semi resistant and susceptible cultivars which infected with bacterial strains of Pectobacterium carotovorum 2A, Pectobacterium atrosepticum 36A, and Dickeya dadantii ENA49 which were incubated under temperatures of 18, 28 and 33 ° C.
Results
Odyssay cultivar of Potato as a susceptible cultivar and Scarb cultivar as a semi-resistant cultivar to Potato pathogens under different temperatures (18°С, 28°С and 33°С) were identified. When potatoes are infected with pectolytic bacteria, the genes PR-3, PR-5t and   PR-10 were expressed. In tubers and leaves of resistant potato cultivars, the level of PR-5t gene expression is significantly higher than that of susceptible cultivars, when infected with bacteria and without infection. There is a correlation among expression levels of PR-5t gene in the tissues of potato tubers with their resistance to bacterial soft rot.
Discussion
Several pathogens usually attack plants. Different defence pathways in plants have evolved in reaction to the pathogens. These defence mechanisms can be stimulated and activated by some microorganisms or chemicals. Temperature can be considered a virulence factor. It has a significant effect on the pathogenicity of pectolytic bacteria Pc, Pa, and Dd. Plant resistance to pathogens is directly related to pathogenesis expression related genes and defence response genes. When potatoes are infected with pectolytic bacteria, the induction of pathogenesis related genes and Potato defence response genes occurs which is in consistent to other researchers' findings on plant resistance mechanisms to pathogens through the induction of defence response genes. The experimental results showed that when potatoes are infected with pectolytic bacteria, the induction of several PR genes occurs, especially PR-3, PR-5t, and PR-10. The induction of the PR-10 gene is stimulated by the infection of Pc and Pa at low temperature (18 ° C).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pectolytic Bacteria
  • Temperature
  • Virulence
  • PR genes
Agrios, G.N. 2005. Plant pathology. 6th ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 922 p.
Ahangar, L., Babaezad, V., Ranjbar, Gh. A., Najafi Zarrini, H., and Biaban, A. 2016. Study of  PR Gene Expression Pattern related to in Induced Resistance to Powdery Mildew in Susceptible Wheat Genotype after Treating with Salicylic Acid. Journal of Crop Breeding, 8(17): 208-218.
Farahbakhsh, F. and Massah, A. 2015. Genetic of resistance to plant disease. Plant Pathology Science, 4: 64-74.
Gholamnejad, J. 2017. Plants defense mechanisms against pathogens. Plant pathology science, 6(2): 24-32.
Hoque, M.E. 2010. In vitro tuberization in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Journal of Plant Biology, 3(1): 7-11.
Livak, K.J., and Schmittgen, Th.D. 2001. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2-∆∆Ct Method. Methods, 25(4): 402-408.
Muslim Khani, K., and Mozaffari, J. 2015. Disease management of Potato bacterial wilt with tuber healthy measurement. Knowledge of Plant Pathology, 5(1): 62-75.
Pasalari, H., and Yevtushenkov, A.N. 2016. Expression of protective response genes in transgenic potato leaves after glyphosate treatment. Bulletin of BSU, 1: 31.
Senthil-Kumar, M., and Mysore, K.S. 2013. Nonhost resistance against bacterial pathogens: retrospectives and prospects. Annual Review Phytopathology, 51: 407-27.
Sinha, M.,  Singh, R.P., Kushwaha, G.S., Iqbal, N., Singh, A., Kaushik, S., Kaur, P., Sharma, S., and Singh, T.P. 2014. Current Overview of Allergens of Plant Pathogenesis Related Protein Families. The Scientific World Journal, http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/543195.
Tratsiakova, V. 2011. Temperature dependence of PR genes expression and potato tissues maceration by strains Pectobacterium and Dickeya.Youth and Progress of Biology. Abstracts book of the VII International Scientific Conference of Students and PhD Students, Minsk, Belarus, P. 141.
Wolters, P., and Collins, W. 1994. Evaluation of diploid potato clones for resistance to tuber soft rot induced by strains of Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica, E. carotovora subsp. carotovora and E. chrysanthemi. Potato Research, 2: 143-149.
Zeighaminejad, R., and Sharifi Sirchi, Gh.R. 2013. Study of PR gene expression and activity of effective enzymes in induced resistance to powdery mildew by salicylic acid. Journal of agriculture biotechnology, 5(1): 97-110.