اثرات کشنده و زیرکشنده دمای پایین، به صورت مجزا و در ترکیب با اسانس اکالیپتوس، علیه حشرات کامل شب پره مدیترانه ای آرد، Ephestia kuehniella

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی-فارسی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

2 استادیار دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

3 مربی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

چکیده

دماهای پایین به دلیل اثرگذاری روی ویژگی­ های تولید مثلی آفات انباری، یکی از راه­ های کنترل و کاهش خسارت آن­ها می­ باشند. با توجه به کند اثر بودن این دماها، در این مطالعه اثر دمای پایین 4 درجه سلسیوس به تنهایی و در ترکیب با اسانس اکالیپتوس روی ویژگی­ های تولیدمثلی شب‌پره مدیترانه­ ای آرد، Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lep.: Pyralidae) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و نوع برهمکنش بین این دو عامل نیز تعیین گردید. آنالیز شیمیایی اسانس با دستگاه گاز کروماتوگرافی گازی (GC) گازکروماتوگراف Varian CP-3800 مجهز به طیف­ سنج جرمی Varian Saturn 2200 ion trap انجام شد. مقادیر LT50 و LT95 دمای پایین برای حشرات کامل نر به ترتیب 87/14 و 17/45 روز و برای حشرات کامل ماده به ترتیب 77/10 و 38/39 روز برآورد شدند. قرار دادن حشرات کامل در دمای پایین باعث کاهش طول عمر، میزان باروری و همچنین درصد تفریخ تخم­ های حشرات کامل زنده­ مانده شد. باروری، هم با افزایش مدت زمان سرمادهی و هم افزایش غلظت اسانس به طور معنی­ داری کاهش یافت، اما درصد تفریخ تخم‌های حاصل از حشرات تحت تأثیر تیمارها قرار نگرفت. برهمکنش دمای پایین- اسانس گیاهی از نوع آنتاگونیستی بود. طبق نتایج، ترکیب 8،1- سینئول (اُکالیپتول) بیشترین مقدار (48/30 درصد) در اسانس اکالیپتوس بود. استفاده طولانی ­مدت از دمای 4 درجه سلسیوس به دلیل کاهش فعالیت و تحرک شب­پره ­های انباری و اثرگذاری منفی روی ویژگی­ های تولید مثلی، می­ تواند در کنترل جمعیت آن­ها موثر واقع شود. برهمکنش آنتاگونیستی دمای پایین- اسانس گیاهی نشان می­ دهد که در انتخاب دو عامل حشره­ کش جهت استفاده به صورت ترکیبی، تأیید برهمکنش سینرژیستی آن­ها از طریق انجام آزمایش ­های مناسب، ضروری می ­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Lethal and sublethal effects of low temperature, alone and in combination with eucalyptus essential oil, against adult Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Rajaei 1
  • M. Yazdanian 2
  • Gh. Asadeh 3
1 M.Sc. Graduate, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2 Assistant Professor, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
3 Lecturer, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives
Low temperatures have significant effects on the biological aspects of stored-product pests; thus, those can be used as a control method. Due to the delayed effects of low temperatures, the lethal and sublethal effects of 4˚C temperature were investigated, alone and combined to the eucalyptus essential oil, on mortality and some reproductive aspects of Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lep.: Pyralidae) for probable elimination of this limitation.
Materials and Methods
All experiments were carried out at the Entomological Research Lab., Department of Plant Protection, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. The insect reared on wheat flour under laboratory conditions (25 ± 2 °C, 70 ± 5% R.H., 16:8 L:D). Adult's mortality due to the continuous exposure to low temperature, the effects of adults exposure to low temperature on their longevity, fecundity and percentage egg hatch, and finally, the effects of low temperature combined to different concentrations of eucalyptus essential oil on mortality, daily oviposition and percentage egg hatch of survived adults were recorded, and synergistic or antagonistic effects were determined. The chemical composition of essential oil was analyzed using a Varian CP-3800 gas chromatograph equipped with a Varian Saturn 2200 ion trap mass spectrometer and Helium as the carrier gas.
Results
Continuous exposure to low temperature prolonged the lifespan of adult insects (some of them lived more than 33 days). Estimated LT50 and LT95 values for male adults of the Mediterranean flour moth exposed to 4 °C were 14.87 and 45.17 days, respectively; for female adults were 10.77 and 39.38 days, respectively; and as total were 12.67 and 42.28 days, respectively. Adult exposure to low temperature decreased the longevity, fecundity and percentage of the egg hatch of survived ones. By increasing exposure interval and essential oil concentration, fecundity decreased at a higher rate but percentage egg hatch did not affect. The interactions between low temperature and different plant essential oil concentrations were antagonistic. Among 16 identified constituents in the eucalyptus essential oil, 1,8-cineol (Eucalyptol) was the major oil component (30.48%).
Discussion
Long-time exposure of stored-products moths to 4˚C temperature reduces the activity and mobility of these pests which has negative effects on their reproductive aspects. Hence, it could be effective as a control method. Antagonistic effect between low temperature and plant essential oil indicates that before selecting two insecticide agents for using in the combination, it is necessary that their synergistic interaction would be confirmed by carrying out the appropriate experiments.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ephestia kuehniella
  • Low temperature
  • Plant essential oil
  • Interaction
  • Reproductive aspects

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گیاه پزشکی
دوره 43، شماره 4
بهمن 1399
صفحه 91-109

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