بررسی برخی ویژگی‌های اکولوژیک شب‌پره مینوز گوجه‌فرنگی Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) در شهرستان سیروان (استان ایلام)

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی-فارسی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، بخش تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی فارس، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، داراب، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران

3 مدیر حفظ نباتات جهاد کشاورزی استان ایلام، ایلام، ایران

4 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد حشره‌شناسی کشاورزی، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

مینوز گوجه‌فرنگی Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lep.: Gelechiidae) یکی از آفات مهم گوجه‌فرنگی در ایران است. به منظور بررسی نوسانات جمعیت پروانه مینوز گوجه‌فرنگی در سال زراعی 1396، چهار مزرعه گوجه‌فرنگی در شهرستان سیروان انتخاب و در هر مزرعه یک تله فرمونی نصب شد. به منظور بررسی میزان همبستگی و رابطه بین متغیرهای تراکم شب‌پره‌های بالغ و دما از تحلیل همبستگی پیرسون و تجزیه رگرسیون استفاده شد. نوسانات تراکم جمعیت شب‌پره مینوز گوجه‌فرنگی قبل از نشاءکاری تا پایان برداشت گوجه‌فرنگی در شهرستان سیروان نشان داد، طی یک فصل زراعی، مینوز گوجه‌فرنگی هفت اوج جمعیتی با فاصله‌های زمانی تقریباً یک‌ماهه دارد. اوج پرواز این آفت به ترتیب در تاریخ های 20 اردیبهشت، 24 خرداد، 28 تیر، 1 شهریور، 12 مهر، 17 آبان و 15 آذر اتفاق افتاد. بیش ترین تراکم جمعیت در تاریخ 28 تیر (29/15 ± 75/397 شب‌پره در تله) ثبت شد و تراکم جمعیت این آفت از اواخر آبان به بعد روند نزولی داشت. میانگین تعداد شب‌پره مینوز گوجه‌فرنگی شکار شده توسط تله‌های فرمونی با میانگین دمای ماهانه در یک فصل زراعی ارتباط مستقیمی را نشان نداد. نتایج تجزیه رگرسیون نشان داد رابطه بین اوج جمعیت شب‌پره‌های نر مینوز گوجه‌فرنگی با میانگین دمای ماهانه یک ماه قبل معنی‌دار است. جهت تعیین پراکنش فضایی از قانون نمایی تیلور استفاده شد. شاخص تجمع شب‌پره مینوز گوجه‌فرنگی از لحاظ آماری برابر با یک برآورد شد که نشان می‌دهد پراکنش فضایی این آفت از نوع تصادفی است. در این پژوهش از روش گرین جهت برآورد اندازه نمونه مطلوب استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد تعداد واحد نمونه‌برداری مورد نیاز با افزایش میانگین تراکم جمعیت آفت کاهش یافت به طوری که هرگاه میانگین تراکم جمعیت شب‌پره مینوز گوجه‌فرنگی در هر تله فرمونی در هفته یک عدد باشد، تعداد نمونه مورد نیاز با سطح دقت 25 و 10 درصد به ترتیب 86/1 و 65/11 نمونه خواهد بود و هرگاه میانگین تراکم جمعیت شب‌پره مینوز گوجه‌فرنگی در هر تله فرمونی در هفته10 عدد باشد، تعداد نمونه مورد نیاز با سطح دقت 25 و 10 درصد به ترتیب 37/0 و 32/2 نمونه خواهد بود. نتایج این مطالعه در زمینه نمونه‌برداری، پراکنش جمعیت، نوسانات جمعیت و ارتباط جمعیت مینوز گوجه‌فرنگی با شرایط دمایی منطقه می‌تواند کمک شایانی برای مدیریت منطقی این آفت در منطقه ارائه بدهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating some ecological characteristics of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) in Sirvan County (Ilam Province, western Iran)

نویسندگان [English]

  • M Mahmoudi 1
  • M Mirab-balou 2
  • S Beigi 3
  • S Yaghubi 4
1 Assistant Professor, Plant Protection Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources and Education Centre, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Darab, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran
3 Director of plant protection in Jihad-Agricultural Organization of Ilam Province, Ilam, Iran
4 Graduated M.Sc student of Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives
The tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is an important pest of tomato in Iran. Therefore, this study was done to investigate fluctuations in adult male population of this pest using sex pheromone traps in Sirvan County (Ilam Province, western Iran) during a growing season, which lasted before transplanting to the end of growing season.
Materials and Methods
For conducting this research, 4 tomato farms in Sirvan County were selected and the pest populations were sampled using pheromone traps. The Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationship between adult moth density and temperature. For determining optimal sample size, the Green's method was used.
Results
According to results of the present study, there were seven population peaks at intervals of approximately one month. Flight peak of this pest occurred on May 10, June 14, July 19, August 23, October 4, November 8 ,and  December 6, respectively. The highest population density was recorded on July 19 (397.75 moths) and population density of this pest was declined since late November. Studying the relationship between average number of male moths of T. absoluta captured by pheromone traps and average monthly temperature in a growing season showed that with the increase in temperature, population density of moths was also increased. Results of regression analysis indicated that peaks about abundance of male moth coincided with the previous monthly mean temperatures. Taylor's regression model showed a significant and high correlation between mean and variance regarding density of pest population. Statistically, the aggregation index of tomato leaf miner was equal to one. In this study, Green's method was used to estimate optimal sample size. The results showed that the required number of sampling units was decreased with the increase in average population density of the pest so that, when average population density of tomato leaf miner moth in each pheromone trap was one per week, the required number of samples with an accuracy level of 25 and 10% was equal to 1.86 and 11.65, respectively, and when average population density of this pest in each pheromone trap was 10 per week, the required number of samples with an accuracy level of 25 and 10% was equal to 0.37 and 2.32, respectively.
Discussion
Our results demonstrated that pheromone traps can be used as a suitable sampling method for monitoring population of the tomato leaf miner. This study provided the data about sampling, population distribution, fluctuations in population of tomato leaf miner, and the relationship between population density of the pest and temperature. Our findings can greatly contribute to rational management of this pest in the region.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Lycopersicum esculentum
  • Taylor's index
  • Tomato leaf miner

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گیاه پزشکی
دوره 44، شماره 2
تیر 1400
صفحه 1-14

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