اثر دما روی واکنش تابعی کنه شکارگر Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Acari: Macrochelidae) با تغذیه از تخم مگس خانگی، Musca domestica (Dip.: Muscidae)

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی-فارسی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد حشره شناسی کشاورزی، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

3 استاد، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

4 دکترای حشره شناسی کشاورزی، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

گونه Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Scopoli)شناخته شده‌ترین گونه در کودهای گاوی و ماکیان در جهان است که روی مگس­‌های مدفوع تغذیه کرده و به وسیله آ‌ن‌ها هم منتشر می‌شود. مطالعات در دنیا از جمله خوزستان نشان داده است که کنه شکارگر غالبِ مراحل نابالغ مگس خانگی، Musca domestica L.، در کودهای دامی همین گونه است. در این پژوهش واکنش تابعی کنه شکارگر ماده M. muscaedomesticae در انکوباتور و در دو دمای 1 ± 27 و 1 ± 33 درجه سلسیوس، رطوبت نسبی 5 ± 65 درصد و دوره نوری 10:14 (روشنایی: تاریکی) روی تخم مگس خانگی مطالعه شد. برای این منظور تراکم‌های 1، 2، 4، 8، 12، 16، 25، 30، 40 و 80 عددی از تخم مگس در اختیار کنه کامل ماده جفت‌گیری کرده 4 روزه قرار داده شد. واکنش تابعی کنه M. muscaedomesticae روی تراکم‌های مختلف تخم مگس خانگی با استفاده از رگرسیون لجستیک در دمای 27 درجه از نوع سوم و در دمای 33 درجه از نوع دوم تعیین شد. پارامترهای واکنش تابعی با استفاده از معادله راجرز مشخص شد. نرخ حمله و زمان دست‌یابی به ترتیب در دمای 27 درجه سلسیوس، 0204/0 بر ساعت و 6497/0 ساعت و در دمای 33 درجه سلسیوس، 6493/0 بر ساعت و 4769/0 ساعت به دست آمد. بیش‌ترین نرخ شکارگری (T/Th) در دمای 33 درجه و 32/50 تخم در روز بود و در دمای 27 درجه به 94/36 تخم در روز کاهش یافت. بنابراین دما بر نوع واکنش تابعی، زمان دست‌یابی و نرخ شکارگری موثر بود. نتایج مطالعه حاضر می­‌تواند درک بهتری از برهم‌کنش کنهM. muscaedomesticae و تخم‌های مگس خانگی ارائه داده و نقش موثر آن را به عنوان یک عامل کنترل بیولوژیک نشان دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of temperature on the functional response of the predatory mite Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Acari: Macrochelidae) by feeding on eggs of the house fly, Musca domestica (Dip.: Muscidae)

نویسندگان [English]

  • R. Shiralizadeh 1
  • M. Esfandiari 2
  • P. Shishehbor 3
  • S. Farahi 4
1 Gratuated M.Sc. student of Agricultural Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
4 PhD of Agricultural Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives
Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Scopoli) is the most common mite found in cow and poultry manure worldwide. It feeds on manure-dwelling flies and spreads via flies. According to studies conducted in Khuzestan, Iran, and other countries, this is the dominant predator mite of immature the house flies, Musca domestica L. in domestic animal manures.
Control strategies for dipterous pest species continue to rely heavily on insecticides, even though these species have developed resistance to most insecticides currently available due to their widespread use. Increased public and farmer awareness have prompted scientists to investigate alternative methods for managing these filth flies. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of two temperatures on M. muscaedomesticae'sfunctional response to varying egg densities of M. domestica.
Materials and Methods
In this study, the functional response of female predator mite M. muscaedomesticae was examined on the house fly eggs in an incubator at two constant temperatures of 27 ± 1°C and 33 ± 1°C, 65 ± 5% RH, 14:10 h (L: D). Densities of 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 25, 30, 40, and 80 house fly eggs were offered to mated adult female mites. Before the experiments, female predators were fed and mated for 48 hours and then starved for 24 hours. Each treatment was replicated ten times. After 24 hours of exposure, the number of preys killed by each predator was recorded.
Results
By logistic regression, the functional response of M. muscaedomesticae to varying densities of the house fly eggs was classified as type III in 27°C and type II in 33°C. Rogers' equation was used to calculate the functional response parameters. At 27°C, the attack coefficient and handling time were 0.0204 h-1 and 0.6497 h, respectively, and 0.6493 h-1 and 0.4769 h at 33°C. At 33°C, the maximum attack rate (T/Th) was 50.32 eggs/day and 36.94 eggs/day at 27°C. R2 values for M. muscaedomesticae at two constant temperatures were estimated to be 0.935 and 0.996 at 27°C and 33°C, respectively. Only at 40 and 80 prey densities did the analysis of variance reveal a significant difference in adult females' daily prey consumption between two constant temperatures. Additionally, there were significant differences between all densities at 33°C and the majority of densities at 27°C.
Discussion
The temperature affected the type of functional response, the handling time, and the maximum attack rate. The findings of this study may contribute to a better understanding of the mite M. muscaedomesticae's interaction with the house fly eggs and could confirm M. muscaedomesticae's suitability as a biological control agent.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • foraging behavior
  • predation
  • temperature
  • handling time

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گیاه پزشکی
دوره 44، شماره 2
تیر 1400
صفحه 19-31

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