تاثیر ضد باکتریایی عصاره آبی چند گیاه دارویی روی Xanthomonas translucens و X .citri subsp. citri در شرایط آزمایشگاه و کارایی آن‌ها در کنترل لکه نواری باکتریایی گندم در شرایط گلخانه

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی-فارسی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

چکیده

لکه نواری گندم با عامل Xanthomonas translucens و شانکر آسیایی مرکبات با عامل Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri دو بیماری باکتریایی مهم هستند که در ایران نیز خسارت قابل توجهی وارد می‌سازند. معمولا برای کنترل بیماری‌های باکتریایی ترکیبات مسی توصیه می‌شود ولی به دلیل مشکل گیاه‌سوزی و ظهور سویه‌های باکتریایی مقاوم، کشف ترکیبات ضد میکروبی جدید ضروری است. بنابراین تحقیق حاضر با هدف یافتن عصاره‌ی گیاهی موثر در کنترل دو باکتری X. translucens  و X. citri subsp. citri انجام شد. در ابتدا جدایه‌های باکتریایی با انجام آزمون‌های فنوتیپی، مولکولی و بیماری‌زایی شناسایی شدند. سپس در شرایط آزمایشگاه کارایی عصاره آبی پنج گیاه دارویی در کنترل رشد این دو باکتری به روش نشت از چاهک بررسی و حداقل غلظت بازدارندگی و حداقل غلظت کشندگی به روش سری رقت تعیین شد. براساس نتایج مرحله آزمایشگاهی، دو عصاره انتخاب و اثر آن‌ها در کنترل بیماری لکه نواری گندم در شرایط گلخانه ارزیابی شد. در شرایط آزمایشگاهی، عصاره‌های گل‌اروانه (Hymenocrater longiflorus Benth)، بومادران (Achilleamillefolium L.)، سیر (Allium sativum L.) و چز (Teucrium polium L.) روی هر دو باکتری مورد بررسی به درجات مختلف اثر بازدارندگی نشان دادند ولی مریم‌گلی (Salvia officinalis L.) روی هیچ کدام اثر بازدارنده نداشت. رویX. translucens  عصاره آبی گل‌اروانه و بومادران به ترتیب با قطر هاله بازدارنده 31 و 24 میلی‌متر و روی X. citri عصاره چز و گل‌اروانه به ترتیب با قطر هاله بازدارنده 25 و 22 میلی‌متر دارای بیش‌ترین اثر بازدارندگی بودند.  شدت بازدارندگی متفاوت بعضی از عصاره‌ها روی دو گونه نشان می‌دهد که کارایی عصاره‌ها می‌تواند بسته به گونه باکتری متفاوت باشد. بنابراین برای معرفی هر عصاره یا ترکیب گیاهی به عنوان ترکیب ضد میکروبی برای هر بیمارگر انجام آزمایشات غربال‌گری و تعیین غلظت مناسب ضروری است. نتایج آزمایش‌های گلخانه‌ای بیان‌گر تأثیر موفقیت‌آمیز کاربرد بومادران و گل‌اروانه در کاهش معنی‌دار درصد وقوع و درصد شدت بیماری بود و بنابراین این دو گیاه گزینه‌های مناسبی برای مطالعات بیش‌تر به‌منظور سنتز ترکیبات ضد میکروبی ایمن جهت مدیریت بیماری لکه نواری گندم هستند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of aqueous extract of some medicinal plants against Xanthomonas translucens and X. citri subsp. citri in vitro and their effect on the control of bacterial leaf streak of wheat under greenhouse conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Roshani 1
  • F. Yousefi Kopaei 2
1 M.Sc. Student, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives
Bacterial leaf streak of wheat caused by Xanthomonas translucens and Asiatic citrus cankercaused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri are two important bacterial diseases that cause considerable damage in Iran. Copper compounds are usually applied to control these diseases. However, their phytotoxicity and development of copper-resistant bacterial strains have made to develop new antimicrobial compounds indispensable. On the other hand, because of awareness of the chemical pesticides' threats to the environment and human health, biopesticides were considered. Hence, this study aimed to identify plant extracts that effectively control these two bacteria.
Materials and Methods
Identifying bacterial isolates was accomplished based on phenotypic, molecular and pathogenicity tests. In the first step, the effect of aqueous extract of five medicinal plants was examined against X. translucens and X. citri subsp < em>. citri in vitro using the agar well diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by serial dilution method. Then, according to the results of laboratory experiments, two extracts were chosen, and their effect was assessed on the control of wheat bacterial leaf streak under greenhouse conditions.
Results
In the laboratory tests, measuring growth inhibitory zone diameter showed that the extracts of gol-e-arvaneh (Hymenocrater longiflorus Benth), yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.), garlic (Allium sativum L.) and Teucrium polium L. have different degrees of significant antibacterial effect on both examined bacteria. The extract of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) had no inhibitory effect on both bacteria. The extracts of gol-e-arvaneh and yarrow had the highest antibacterial activity against X. translucens with the inhibitory zone of 31 and 24 mm, respectively. In the case of X. citri, the extracts of T. polium and gol-e-arvaneh had the highest antibacterial activity with the inhibitory zone of 25 and 22 mm, respectively. In the greenhouse experiments, applying the extracts of yarrow and gol-e-arvaneh to control wheat leaf streak led to remarkable reduction of disease incidence and disease severity percent.
Discussion
According to the laboratory experiments, the intensity of the inhibitory effect of extracts varied based on the bacterial species. Therefore, to produce a plant extract as an antimicrobial agent against a bacterial pathogen, the performance of screening tests is unavoidable. The affectivity of the extracts of yarrow and gol-e-arvaneh for controlling X. translucens in laboratory and greenhouse conditions showed that these two extracts are suitable candidates for further investigation, to synthesis safe antibacterial compounds for the management of wheat bacterial leaf streak.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Growth inhibition
  • Minimum inhibitory concentration
  • Minimum bactericidal concentration

مراجع

Ahmadi, F., Sadeghi, S., Modarresi, M., Abiri, R., and Mikaeli, A. 2010. Chemical composition, in vitro anti-microbial, antifungal and antioxidant activities of the essential oil and methanolic extract of Hymenocrater longiflorus Benth., of Iran. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 48: 1137-1144.
Ahmadi, Z., Sattari, M., Tabaraee, B., and Bigdeli, M. 2011. Identification of the constituents of Achillea santolina essential oil and evaluation of the anti-microbial effects of its extract and essential oil. Arak Medical University Journal, 14(56): 1-10 (In Farsi with English Summary).
Amiri Henzaei, S., Hossinipour, A., Masoumi, H., and Azadvar, M. 2018. Investigating the effect of ajowanand Welsh onion against Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri, the causal agent of Asiatic citrus canker. The International Conference on Agricultural Science, Medicinal Plants and Traditional Medicine, Mashhad, Iran (In Farsi). https://civilica.com/doc/740267
Bahramikia, S., and Yazdanparast, R. 2012. Phytochemistry and medicinal properties of Teucrium polium L. (Lamiaceae). Phytotrapy Research, 26(11): 1581-1593.
Balouiri, M., Sadiki, M., and Ibnsouda, S.K. 2016. Methods for in vitro evaluating antimicrobial activity: A review. Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 6(2): 71-9.
Bazzaz, B.S., and Haririzadeh, G. 2003. Screening of Iranian plants for antimicrobial activity. Pharmaceutical Biology, 41: 573-583.
Beiki, F., and Alizadeh, A. 2006. Antibacterial effects of some herbal essential oils and plant extracts on the causal agent of bacterial leaf streak in wheat and barley. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 13 (5): 70-82 (In Farsi with English Summary).
Burgess, J.G., Jordan, E.M., Bregu, M., Mearns-Spragg, A., and Boyd, K.G. 1999. Microbial antagonism: a neglected avenue of natural products research. Journal of Biotechnology, 70: 27-32.
Candan, F., Unlu, M., Tepe, B., Daferera, D., Polissiou, M. et al. 2003. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and methanol extracts of Achillea millefolium subsp. millefolium Afan. (Asteraceae). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 87(2-3): 215-220.
Cavoski, I., Caboni, P., and Miano, T. 2011. Natural pesticides and future perspectives. In Stoytcheva, M. (Ed.). Pesticides in the Modern World-Pesticides Use and Management. IntechOpen. pp. 169-190.
Christiano, R.S.C., Reilly, C.C., Miller, W.P., and Scherm, H. 2010. Oxytetracycline dynamics on peach leaves in relation to temperature, sunlight, and simulated rain. Plant Disease, 94: 1213-1218.
Coletta-Filho, H.D., Takita, M.A., de Souza, A.A., Neto, J.R., Destéfano, S.A.L. et al. 2006. Primers based on the rpf gene region provide improved detection of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri in naturally and artificially infected citrus plants. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 100: 279-285
Copping, L.G. 2009. The Manual of Biocontrol Agents (formerly the Biopesticide Manual) 4th Edition. British Crop Production Council (BCPC), Farnham, Surrey UK.
Darabpour, E., Motamedi, H., and Seyyed Nejad, S.M. 2010. Antimicrobial properties of Teucrium polium against some clinical pathogens. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 3(2): 124-127.
Duveiller, E. 1994. A pictorial series of disease assessment keys for bacterial leaf streak of cereals. Plant Disease, 78(2): 137-141.
Duveiller, E., Bragard, C., and Maraite, H. 1997. Bacterial leaf streak and black chaff caused by Xanthomonas translucens. In Duveiller, E., Fucikovskil, L., & Rudolph, K. (Eds.). The Bacterial Disease of Wheat: Concept and Methods of Disease Management. CIMMYT. pp. 25-32.
Forster, R.L., and Schaad, N.W. 1988. Control of black chaff of wheat with seed treatment and a foundation seed health program. Plant Disease, 72(11): 935-938.
Gadhe, S.K., Dale, N.S., Umbarkar, R.B., Antre, S.H., Labade, G.B. et al. 2016. In vitro inhibitory activity of crude extracts of plants against citrus canker caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. International Journal of Current Research, 8(9): 38533-38537.
Gillitzer, P., Martin, C., Kantar, M., Kauppi, K., Dahlberg, S. et al. 2012. Optimization of screening of native and naturalized plants from Minnesota for antibacterial activity. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 6(6): 938-949.
Goudarzi, M., Sattari, M., Najar piraieh, S., Goudarzi, G., and Bigdeli, M. 2006. Antibacterial effects of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Thyme on enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. Yafteh, 8(3): 63-69 (In Farsi).
Habibi Gharakhili,A., Nematzadeh, Gh.A., and Alavi, S.M. 2014. Study on antibacterial effect of some plant extracts for control of bacterial leaf streak of wheat. The First Conference of Medicinal Plants, Traditional Medicine and Organic Agriculture. Hamedan Iran (In Farsi). https://civilica.com/doc/330014/.
Islam, S., Akanda, A.M., Prova, A., Islam, M.T., and Hossain, M.M. 2016. Isolation and identification of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria from cucumber rhizosphere and their effect on plant growth promotion and disease suppression. Frontiers in Microbiology, 6: 1-12.‏
Kumar, J.; Ramlal, A.; Mallick, D.; and Mishra, V.2021. An overview of some biopesticides and their importance in plant protection for commercial acceptance. Plants, 10: 1185. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10061185
Lamichhane, J.R., Osdaghi, E., Behlau, F., Köhl, J., Jones, J.B. et al. 2018. Thirteen decades of antimicrobial copper compounds applied in agriculture. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 38. DOI: 10.1007/s13593-018-0503-9.
Mohammadi-Sichani, M., Amjad, L., and Mohammadi-Kamalabadi, M. 2011. Antibacterial activity of methanol extract and essential oil of Achillea wilhelmsii against pathogenic bacteria. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Science (ZJRMS), 13(3): 9-14 (In Farsi).
Morteza-Semnani, K., Ahadi, H., Hashemi, Z. 2016. The genus Hymenocrater: a comprehensive review. Pharmaceutical Biology, 54(12): 3156-3163.
Mosadegh, M., Dehmoubed Sharifabadi, A., Nasiri, P., Esmaeili, S., and Naghibi, F. 2002. The study of phytochemical, antifungal and antibacterial effects of Teucrium polium and Cichourium intybus. Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, 7: 1-6 (In Farsi with English summary).
Nourbakhsh Shourabi, S.F., Yousefi Kopaei, F., Mohammadi Eshkaftaki, R. 2020. Screening of plant extracts for antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas tolaasii and Ewingella americana, the bacterial pathogens of cultivated button mushroom. Journal of Crop Protection, 9(3): 367-380.
Saeidnia, S., Gohari, A.R., Mokhber-Dezfuli, N., and Kiuchi, F. 2011. A review on phytochemistry and medicinal properties of the genus Achillea. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 19(3): 173-186.
Safary, M., Ahmady-Asbchin, S. 2015. In vitro assessment of antimicrobial activity from aqueous and methanolic extracts of some species of cyanobacteria. Biological Journal of Microorganism, 4(14): 111-130 (In Farsi with English Summary).
Schaad, N.W., Jones, J.B., and Chun, W. 2001. Laboratory guide for identification of plant pathogenic bacteria. American Phytopathological Society Press. St. Paul, Minnesota, USA.
Silva, A., Santana, E., Saraiva, A., Coutinho, F., Castro, R. et al. 2013. Which Approach Is More Effective in the Selection of Plants with Antimicrobial Activity? Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine, 2013: Article ID 308980. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/308980.
Silva, I.T., Rodrigues, F.A., Oliveira, J.R., Pereira, S.C., Andrade, C.C.L. et al.2010. Wheat resistance to bacterial leaf streak mediated by silicon. Journal of Phytopathology, 158: 253-262.
Stockwell, V.O. and Duffy, B. 2012. Use of antibiotics in plant agriculture. Scientific and Technical Review of the Office International des Epizooties, 31 (1): 199-210
Stojanovic, G., Radulovic, N., Hashimoto, T., and Palic, R. 2005. In vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts of four Achillea species. The composition of Achillea clavennae L. (Asteraceae) extract. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 101:185-190.
Tahir, H.A.S., Sahi, Sh.T., Habib, A., Haq, I.U., Ahmad, A., and Ashraf, W.2016. Evaluation of plant extracts as biocontrol agents against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri the cause of citrus canker. Pakistan Journal of Phytopathology, 28(1): 35-43.
Upadhyay, A., Upadhyaya, I., Kollanoor-Johny, A. and Venkitanarayanan K. 2014. Combating pathogenic microorganisms using plant-derived antimicrobials: a minireview of the mechanistic basis. BioMed Research International, Article ID: 761741. DOI: 10.1155/2014/761741.
Valgas, C., Machado de Souza, S., Smânia, E.F.A. and Smânia, A.Jr. 2007. Screening methods to determine antibacterial activity of natural products. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 38: 369-380.
Vauterin, L., Yang, P., Hoste, B., Pot, B., Swings, J., Kersters, K. 1992. Taxonomy of Xanthomonads from cereals and grasses based on SDS-PAGE of proteins, fatty acid analysis and DNA hybridization. Journal of General Microbiology, 138: 1467-1477.
Villamizar, S., and Caicedo, J. 2019. Biological control of citrus canker: new approach for disease control. In Topolovec-Pintarić, S. (ed.) Plant diseases - Current threats and management trends. IntechOpen. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.88000.
Zaidi, M.A., and Crow, S.A.Jr.  2005. Biologically active traditional medicinal herbs from Balochistan, Pakistan. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 96: 331-334.
گیاه پزشکی
دوره 44، شماره 2
تیر 1400
صفحه 67-85

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار