Study of population fluctuations of Codling moth, Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in apple orchards of Kohsorkh region

Document Type : Short communication-Persian

Authors

1 Master of Science Student at Agriculture entomology, Department of Plant Protection, ACECR -Khorasan Razavi, Kashmar Higher Education Institute, Kashmar, Iran.

2 Assistant Professor of Department of Plant Protection, ACECR -Khorasan Razavi, Kashmar Higher Education Institute, Kashmar, Iran.

3 Associated professor of Agronomic and Horticulture Crops Research Department, Khorasan-e Razavi Agricultural and Natural Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad, Iran.

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Cydia pomonella is one of the most important pests of apple orchards in Iran and the world. Its damage to apples is of considerable economic importance, as it reduces the quantity and quality of fruits. The larvae of this insect do the most harm, and the larvae eat mostly on apple seeds, but it also feeds on apple flesh tissue until it reaches the seeds. Sex pheromone plays an important role in tracking and controlling this pest, so using pheromone traps to get the best spraying time and prevent indiscriminate spraying is inevitable.
Materials and Methods
In this study, the population changes and determining the peak time of flight in different generations of Cydia pomonella in the gardens of Kohsorkh region of Khorasan Razavi province were investigated. As a result, four pheromone traps were set up in the region's apple orchards in 2018, and the number of insects caught in the traps was counted at regular intervals.
Results
 According to the observations, the time of the emergence of adult insects of this pest was in the first decade of May, and their flight continued until the first decade of October. The apple worm moth had four peak flight points. Studies conducted in this study showed the existence of four generations for this pest in the Kohsorkh region.
Discussion
Two damaging generations of codling moth is recognized, one in late spring (after petal fall) and the other in midsummer. Feeding by the larvae of the latter causes most fruit damage. Using pheromone traps containing the sex attractant of the female moth can improve treatment timing. Insecticides are most effective when administered 10 to 14 days after peak flights are identified in pheromone traps using this method. The findings of this research revealed the four peaks of complete insect flying. The first flight peak emerged on 17 May, followed by a sharp decrease to the second flight peak on 14 June. After this peak, in terms of warmer weather, the activity of the pest was reduced. The trap hunting process decreased, and in the period from June 20 to July 14, it remained unchanged and reached zero. The third happened; then, the hunting continued with fluctuations and finally on September 8, the fourth peak of the flight was observed. After the last peak, regarding the gradual decrease of temperature and lowering of the average temperature from the minimum thermal threshold, the flight activity of moths decreased and from 10 October onwards, the trap hunting stopped. The third and fourth generations had the highest hunting rate and the first and second generations had the lowest hunting rate.

Keywords

References

Amiri, R., Shojaaddini, M., Motazedian, N., & Zibayee, K. (2014). Degree-day and pheromone traps in control timing of codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Olethreutidae). Agricultural Pest Management, 1(2), 34-40 (In Farsi with English summary).
Asadi, G. H., Gholami, M. R., & Lakzyan, A. (2002). The study of seasonal flight activity of Cydia pomonella and determination of spraying time in Shirvan region. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 8(4), 159-170 (In Farsi with English summary).
Behdad, E. (2009). Introductory entomology and important plant pests in Iran (2nd ed.). Isfahan Yadbod Publishing (In Farsi).
Bloem, S., Bloem, K. A., & Calkins, C. O. (2000). Incorporation of diapause into codling moth mass rearing: production advantages and insect quality issues. In Area-wide control of fruit flies and other insect pests. Joint proceedings of the international conference on area-wide control of insect pests, 28 May-2 June, 1998 and the Fifth International Symposium on Fruit Flies of Economic Importance, Penang, Malaysia, 1-5 June, 1998 (pp. 329-335). Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Esmaeili, M. (1996). Important pests of fruit trees. Sepehr Publication Center, Tehran (In Farsi).
Hosseinzadeh, J., Farazmand, H., Majdiafshar, M., & Abasi Chobtarash, M. (2017). Determining the appropriate spray time to control Cydia pomonella L. (Lep., Totricidae) in apple orchards using sex pheromone traps and degree-day method in Urumia. Journal of Entomological Research, 9(2), 173-184 (In Farsi with English summary).
Judd, G. J., Gardiner, M. G., DeLury, N. C., & Karg, G. (2005). Reduced antennal sensitivity, behavioural response, and attraction of male codling moths, Cydia pomonella, to their pheromone (E, E) ‐8, 10‐dodecadien‐1‐ol following various pre‐exposure regimes. Entomologia experimentalis et applicata, 114(1), 65-78.
Kermani, P., Farazmand, H., Karimzadeh, J., & Avand, F. A. (2014). The population fluctuations of Euzophera bigella (Zeller) and Cydia pomonella (L.) at quince orchards. Journal of Entomological Research, 6(2); 161-171 (In Farsi with English summary).
Pitcairn, M. J., Zalom, F. G., & Rice, R. E. (1992). Degree-day forecasting of generation time of Cydia pomonella (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) populations in California. Environmental Entomology, 21(3), 441-446.
Prasad, Y. G., & Prabhakar, M. (2015). Pest monitoring and forecasting. Division of Crop Sciences, Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, India. CABI book chapter_2012pdffrom researchgate.net.
Rajabi, Gh, R., Dastgheib Beheshti, N., Akrami, F., & Bayat Asadi, H. (1977). A study of apple cream in different regions of the country during the years 1977-1987. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology. 46(1), 1-54 (In Farsi).
Radjabi, Gh. R. (2008). Insect Ecology, applied and considering the conditions of Iran. Agricultural Research, Education, Extension and Organization Press, Tehran (In Farsi).
Rajabi, Gh. R. (2011). Harmful Insects of Cold Fruit Trees in Iran. Agricultural Research, Education, Extension and Organization Press, Tehran (In Farsi).
Rajabi, G. R., & Dastgheib-Beheshti, N. (1979). Supplementary studies on quince moth in Iran. Applied Entomology and Phytopathology, 47(1), 53-70 (In Farsi with English summary).
 © 2022 by the authors. Licensee SCU, Ahvaz, Iran. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0 license) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
 
Plant Protection (Scientific Journal of Agriculture)
Volume 45, Issue 1
April 2022
Pages 59-64

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics