اثرات زیرکشندگی حشره‌کش‌های استامی‌پرید، پای‌متروزین و فلونیکامید روی واکنش تابعی زنبور پارازیتوئید Aphidius matricariae Haliday

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی-فارسی

نویسنده

استادیار، گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه صنعتی جندی شاپور دزفول، دزفول، ایران

چکیده

استفاده از حشره­‌کش‌­ها ممکن است روی کارایی یک دشمن طبیعی در کنترل میزبان خود تأثیر گذارد. در این پژوهش، سمیت حشره‌­کش‌های استامی­‌پرید، پای­‌متروزین و فلونیکامید  روی زنبور پارازیتوئید Aphidius matricariae Haliday و اثر زیرکشنده‌­ی آن‌ها روی واکنش تابعی این زنبور نسبت به تراکم‌­های مختلف پوره سن سوم شته سیاه باقلا Aphis fabae Scopoli در شرایط آزمایشگاهی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. برای تعیین سمیت حشره­‌کش‌­ها روی حشرات کامل پارازیتوئید از روش زیست­‌سنجی تماس با باقی­مانده حشره­‌کش‌­ها استفاده شد. به‌منظور بررسی اثر زیرکشنده­‌ی حشره­‌کش‌­ها روی واکنش تابعی زنبور پارازیتوئید، ماده‌­های جفت­‌گیری کرده که کمتر از 24 ساعت عمر داشتند، در معرض سطح آغشته به غلظت LC25 حشره­‌کش­‌های مذکور و آب مقطر به‌­عنوان شاهد در استوانه­‌های شیشه‌ای قرار گرفتند. سپس تراکم‌­های 2، 4، 8، 16، 32 و 64 میزبان در 15 تکرار در اختیار آن‌ها قرار داده شد. میزان LC50 حشره­‌کش­‌های استامی­‌پرید، پای­‌متروزین و فلونیکامید به­‌ترتیب 07/3، 20/740 و 15/133 میلی‌گرم ماده موثر بر لیتر بود. واکنش تابعی در شاهد و تیمار حشره­‌کش‌­ها از نوع دوم بود. قدرت جستجوگری (a) در شاهد و تیمارهای استامی‌­پرید، پای­‌متروزین و فلونیکامید به‌­ترتیب 01/0±0432/0، 003/0237±0/0، 004/0414±0/0 و 01/0±0398/0 در ساعت و زمان دستیابی (Th) به‌­ترتیب 06/0±5170/0، 13/4257±0/1، 05/6133±0/0 و07/0±6816/0 ساعت تخمین زده شد. حداکثر نرخ حمله (T/Th) به ترتیب 42/46، 83/16، 15/39 و 21/35 پوره میزبان محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان داد که حشره‌­کش‌­های پای­‌متروزین و فلونیکامید در مقایسه با استامی‌پرید تأثیر سوء کمتری روی پارازیتوئید داشتند و می‌­توانند به عنوان گزینه‌­های مناسبی برای کنترل شته A. fabae در تلفیق با زنبور پارازیتوئید A. matricriae، پس از تائید نتایج مزرعه­‌ای استفاده شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Sublethal Effects of Acetamiprid, Pymetrozine and Flonicamid on the Functional Response of Aphidius matricariae Haliday

نویسنده [English]

  • N. Aminijam
Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Jundi-Shapur University of Technology Dezful, Dezful, Iran,
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives
It is necessary to investigate side effects of the pesticides on natural enemies of pests for integrated pest management (IPM) programs. Insecticides may impair physiological and behavioral traits of parasitoid wasps. This research was designed to study toxicity of actamiprid, pymetrozine and flonicamid on Aphidius matricariae Haliday (Hym.: Braconidae: Aphidiinae), a parasitoid wasp of Aphis fabae Scopoli (Hemi.: Aphididae). Furthermore, their sublethal effect were evaluated on the functional response of the parasitoid wasp of under laboratory conditions (25±1 0C, 65±5% R.H. and 16:8 (L: D) h).
Materials and Methods
A residual bioassay method was used to determine the toxicity of the insecticides on A. matricariae. Adult parasitoids were exposed to LC25 of the insecticides and distilled water as control on the glass vials and functional response study was done. After 24 h, randomly selected 6 alive mated females were transferred individually to cylindrical containers containing broad bean seedlings infested by densities of 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 of the third instar A. fabae nymphs. Each host density had fifteen replications. Aphids were left on the plants until mummification of the parasitized individuals. Functional response type was determined using logistic regression and its parameters were estimated by non-linear regression using SAS program.
Results and Discussion
The LC50 of values of actamiprid, pymetrozine and flonicamid were 3.07, 740.20 and 133.15 mg a.i./l, respectively. The results showed that acetamiprid was more toxic than pymetrozine and flonicamid to adult stage of A. matricariae. Functional response of the parasitoid on control and the insecticides treatments fitted the type II. Attack rate (a) in control, actamiprid, pymetrozine and flonicamid treatments were estimated 0.0432 ± 0.01, 0.0237 ± 0.003, 0.0414 ± 0.004 and 0.0398 ± 0.01 h-1 and handling time (Th) were 0.5170 ± 0.06, 1.4257 ± 0.13, 0.6133 ± 0.05 and 0.6816 ± 0.07 h, respectively. The attack rate (a) value of A. matricariae exposed to acetamiprid was significantly lower than that of control and other insecticides treatments. The highest value of handling time(Th) was observed in acetamipirid. Although, they were not significantly affected by pymetrozine and flonicamid. Maximum rates of parasitism (T/ Th) in control and mentioned insecticides treatments were estimated 46.42, 16.83, 39.15 and 35.21 aphids, respectively.
Conclusion
According to present results, acetamiprid negatively affected the attack rate (a), handling time (Th) and maximum attack rate (T/Th) of parasitoid compared to the control, pymetrozine and flonicamid treatments. Pymetrozine and flonicamid had lower side effects on A. matricariae in comparison with acetamiprid and they were suitable candidates for controlling of A. fabae in combination with A. matricariae. Although, studying side-effects of the insecticides on the mentioned parasitoid wasp in semi-field and field conditions are needed to obtain more applicable recommendations.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bioassay
  • integrated pest management
  • attack rate
  • handling time

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گیاه پزشکی
دوره 45، شماره 1
فروردین 1401
صفحه 97-115

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