سازوکار مقاومت به فوزالون در شب‌پره پشت‌الماسی Plutella xylostella(Lep.: Plutellidae)

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی-فارسی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته دکتری حشره‌شناسی، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

2 استاد گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

3 استادیار موسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

شب‏‌پره پشت الماسی، Plutella xylostella (L.)، آفت مهم و کلیدی گیاهان تیره کلمیان است که سالانه خسارت قابل توجهی به گیاهان این تیره وارد کرده و می‌‏تواند به سرعت به انواع حشره‏‌کش‌‏ها مقاوم شود. در این پژوهش پس از شناسایی مقاومت به فوزالون در یک جمعیت ایرانی شب­‌پره پشت الماسی، سازوکار مقاومت و غیر حساس شدن مکان هدف با آزمون­‌های بیوشیمیایی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج زیست سنجی به روش غوطه‌­وری برگ در محلول سمی نشان داد که جمعیت مقاوم به فوزالون (Esf-R)، در مقایسه با حساس (Ard-S)، 17برابر مقاوم­‌تر است. دی‏‌اتیل‌‏مالئات(DEM) و تری‌­فنیل‌­فسفات (TPP) به ترتیب به عنوان بازدارنده گلوتاتیون اس-ترانسفراز (GST) و استراز (EST)، سمیت فوزالون را روی جمعیت مقاوم و حساس افزایش دادند، اما نسبت هم‌افزایی در جمعیت مقاوم بالاتر از حساس بود که نشان‌دهنده نقش آنزیم‌­های استرازی و گلوتاتیون اس- ترانسفراز در مقاومت به فوزالون است. بررسی سازوکار متابولیکی مقاومت به فوزالون با کمک آزمون­‌های بیوشیمیایی نشان داد که فعالیت ویژه (SA) گلوتاتیون اس-ترانسفراز، آلفا- استراز و بتا- استراز در جمعیت مقاوم به ترتیب 1/2، 2 و 7/1 برابر جمعیت حساس بود که نشان­ دهنده بیان بیشتر آنزیم‌­های گلوتاتیون اس-ترانسفراز و استراز در جمعیت مقاوم می‌­باشد. اندازه‌­گیری فراسنجه‏‌های سینتیکی هیدرولیز استیل کولین استراز (AChE) روی زیرنهشت­ استیل تیوکولین آیوداید نشان داد که تغییری در میل ترکیبی AChE جمعیت مقاوم به این زیرنهشت وجود ندارد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد که عامل مقاومت در جمعیت مقاوم به فوزالون، آنزیم­‌های غیر سمی­ کننده استرازی و گلوتاتیون اس- ترانسفراز هستند و سازوکار مقاومت به فوزالون مبنتی بر مکان هدف نیست.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Resistance Mechanisms of the Diamond Back Moth, Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) to Phosalone

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Zolfaghari 1
  • M. Ghadamyari 2
  • H. Mosallanejad 3
1 PhD, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Entomology Research Department, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives
Diamond back moth, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera,Plutellidae), is the cosmopolite insect pest of cruciferous plants causing significant injury to the plants of this family. Although many integrated approaches have been proposed and developed for DBM management, the most common method of controlling this pest is chemical control. Organophosphates (OPs) are mainly used to control the agricultural pests in Iran, especially DBM. This study was performed to determine and compare some toxicological and biochemical properties of detoxification enzymes (ESTs and GST) and cholinesterase between two resistant (Esf-R) and susceptible (Ard-S) field populations of P. xylostella.
Materials and Methods
The phosalone-susceptible (Ard-S) population was collected from Ardabil, Ardabil province, Iran and the phosalone –resistant (Esf-R) population from Esfehan, Esfehan province, Iran. The toxicity of insecticides was measured using a standard leaf-dip bioassay. To determine the role of metabolic degradation as a mechanism for phosalone resistance in DBM, PBO (piperonyl butoxide), TPP (triphenyl phosphate) and DEM (diethyl maleate) were bioassayed for synergistic activity with phosalone (Kodwo and Tanaka, 2005). EST and GST assays were determined based on the method of Van Asperen (1962) and Habig et al. (1974) with minor modifications. AChE activity and its kinetic parameters were measured with two artificial substrates, ATC and BTC, along with the modified method of Ellman et al. (1961). Statistical analyses were evaluated by LeOra software (1978) through ANOVA followed by Tukey test.
Results
According to the bioassay results, the (Esf-R) population showed a significantly high resistance to phosalone compared with Ard-S population (17-fold). Diethyl maleate (DEM) and triphenyl phosphate (TPP), as glutathione S-transferase (GST) and esterase inhibitors, increased phosalon toxicity on both resistant and susceptible populations, but the synergistic ratio in the resistant population was higher than that of susceptible one. This confirms the greater role of esterase and GST enzymes in phosalone resistance. Metabolic resistance mechanisms to phosalone were surveyed by biochemical assays. The results indicated that specific activities (SA) of GST, α-esterase and ß-esterase were 2.1-, 2- and 1.7-fold higher in the resistant populations than those of susceptible population, suggesting higher expression of GST and esterase enzymes in resistant population. Furthermore, target site insensitivity was surveyed by biochemical assay. Kinetic parameters of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) on the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine iodide (ATC) showed no change in the affinity of AChE of resistant population to this substrate and the phosalone resistance mechanism was not related to altered AChE active site.
Conclusion
The results distinctly indicated that metabolic detoxification mechanisms such as GST, esterases created phosalone resistance in the Esf-R and AChE structure were not involved in resistance. According to the result, use of synergists can be helpful for suppressing the phosalone resistance. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pesticide resistance
  • Plutella xylostella
  • AChE inhibitor
  • Esterase
  • Glutathione S-transferase

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گیاه پزشکی
دوره 45، شماره 2
مرداد 1401
صفحه 49-62

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