واکنش ارقام مختلف انار (Punica granatum) نسبت به نماتد ریشه‌‏گرهی Meloidogyne incognita race 2

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی-فارسی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد بیماری شناسی گیاهی، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهر کرد، شهرکرد، ایران

چکیده

نماتدهای ریشه‌گرهی (.Meloidogyne spp) از جمله عوامل بیماری‌زای بسیار مهمی هستند که خسارت زیادی به محصولات کشاورزی وارد می‌سازند. روش‌های متعددی مانند تناوب زراعی، ارقام مقاوم و ترکیبات شیمیایی برای کنترل آن‌ها به کار گرفته می‌شود. استفاده از ارقام مقاوم یکی از مهم‌ترین رویکردها در مدیریت نماتدهای انگل گیاهی محسوب می‌گردد. در این تحقیق واکنش 15 رقم مختلف انار نسبت به نژاد دوم نماتد مولد ریشه‏‌گرهی، (Meloidogyne incognita) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. پس از انجام نمونه‌برداری، خصوصیات ریخت‌شناسی نماتدهای جداسازی شده بررسی و تعیین گونه صورت گرفت. قلمه‌‏های انار ریشه‌‏دار شده، به ازای هر کیلوگرم خاک با 2000 تخم و لارو سن دوم نماتد مایه‌‏زنی شدند. 90 روز پس از مایه‌زنی، صفات رشدی میزبان (طول، وزن‌تر و خشک شاخساره و ریشه) و صفات تولیدمثلی نماتد (تعداد گال، توده تخم و فاکتور تولید مثل) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. درجه‌بندی نهایی بر اساس روش درجه بندی کانتوسانز انجام گرفت. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌­ها با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS 24 و مقایسه میانگین تیمارها با آزمون Duncan و T-test انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد رقم ملس ترش با شاخص گال 2 و فاکتور تولیدمثل کمتر از 1 به‌عنوان رقم متحمل، ارقام ملس شیرین و تابستانی با فاکتور گال 3 و فاکتور تولیدمثل کمتر از 1 به‌عنوان رقم فوق حساس و ارقام آقا محمد علی، آلک ترش، بهابادی، بریت پوست قرمز، گلنار، نادری، بی‌هسته راور، پوست سفید شیرین، بی هسته شمال، پوست سیاه و سوسکی تفت با شاخص گال 3 و 4 و فاکتور تولیدمثل بیشتر از 1 به‌عنوان رقم حساس تلقی می‌شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Reaction of different pomegranate (Punica granatum) cultivars to root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita race 2)

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Mahmoudisarabi 1
  • M. Olia 2
1 M.SC. Graduate of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives
Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are considered among the most important pathogens leading to great damage to agricultural products. So far, different practices such as crop rotation, resistant cultivars, and chemical compounds have been used for controlling these nematodes. High cost of chemical compounds and their environmental problems has attracted the researchers’ attention for using non-chemical methods for nematode management. The exploitation of resistant varieties is one of the most important approaches to managing plant-parasitic nematodes. The present study aims to evaluate the reaction of 15 different varieties of pomegranate to RKN, M. incognita race 2.
Materials and methods
The morphological characters of isolated nematodes were evaluated after sampling, along with identifying the nematode species. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse conditions with a temperature ranging from 22-26°C based on the completely randomized design with factorial arrangement. First, pomegranate cuttings were rooted and inoculated with 2000 eggs and second-stage juveniles of the nematode per kg of soil. Then, host plant growth traits such as length, fresh and dry weight of stems, and roots, as well as developmental stages of the nematodes including the number of galls, egg mass, and reproduction factor were evaluated in different cultivars of pomegranate 90 days after inoculation. The final rating was conducted based on the Canto-Saenz system (1985). Finally, the data were analyzed by using SPSS 24 software, and Duncan test and t-test were used for comparing the means.
Results
Based on the results, Malas-e Torsh cultivar was tolerant (GI≤2, RF>1), Malas-e Shirin and Tabestani were hypersusceptible (GI>2, RF≤1), and Agha Mohammad Ali, Alak-e Torsh, Bahabadi, Berit-e Poust Ghermez, Golnar, Naderi, Bihasteh-e Ravar, Pous Sefeed-e Shirin, Bihasteh-e Shomal, Poust siah, Souski-e Taft and Shahsavavar-e Yazdi were evaluated as susceptible (GI>2, RF>1).
Conclusion
Based on the results,tolerance of only one cultivar against root-knot nematodes should be considered by experts and farmers.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Fruit trees
  • Resistance
  • Screening
  • Reproduction factor
  • Morphological characters

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 © 2022 by the authors. Licensee SCU, Ahvaz, Iran. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0 license) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
گیاه پزشکی
دوره 45، شماره 3
مهر 1401
صفحه 117-134

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