کارایی حشره‌کش‌های مختلف روی شته جالیز Aphis gossypii و تعیین میزان باقیمانده امامکتین بنزوات و استامی‌پرید روی خیار گلخانه‌ای

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی-فارسی

نویسندگان

1 محقق، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، ، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار پژوهش عضوهیات علمی سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان غربی ، ارومیه، ایران

3 دانشیار پژوهش عضوهیات علمی سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، تهران، ایران.

4 مربی پژوهشی ، عضوهیات علمی سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی سیستان . زابل ، ایران،

5 دانشیار پژوهش عضوهیات علمی سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی جنوب استان کرمان ، جیرفت، ایران

6 دانشیار پژوهش عضوهیات علمی سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، ، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

گونه‌های مختلف شته‌های گلخانه از جمله شته جالیز با مکیدن شیره گیاه، انتقال ویروس‌های گیاهی و کاهش کمی و کیفی محصول، سالانه خسارت زیادی را به انواع مختلفی از محصولات گلخانه‌ای مانند خیار وارد می‌سازند. به منظور بررسی کارایی حشره‌کش‌ها برای کنترل شته جالیز، آزمایشی با پنج تیمار و چهار تکرار در استان‌های سیستان و بلوچستان، آذربایجان غربی و جنوب کرمان اجرا شد. تیمارها شامل حشره‌کش‌های امامکتین بنزوات %8/4 + استامی‌پرید %4/6، فلونیکامید، پیریمیکارب و دیکلرووس بودند. درصد کارایی حشره‌کش‌ها 3، 7 و 14 روز پس از سمپاشی محاسبه شد. به منظور اندازه‌گیری باقیمانده آفت‌کش‌ها، تعداد 11 نمونه (1 نمونه از هر دو دز مختلف تیمار امامکتین بنزوات %8/4+ استامی‌پرید، در پنج زمان 3، 6، 8، 13و 15 روز پس از سمپاشی و 1 نمونه شاهد بدون سمپاشی) از استان آذربایجان غربی جمع‌آوری و به آزمایشگاه مرجع باقیمانده سموم در موسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور منتقل شدند و کمی‌سازی مقادیر باقیمانده آن انجام گرفت. میانگین درصد تأثیر حشره‌کش‌های مورد بررسی در روز سوم به‌ترتیب در استان‌های سیستان و بلوچستان، آذربایجان غربی و جنوب کرمان نشان داد که تیمار امامکتین بنزوات + استامی‌پرید دو در هزار، با کارایی 6/4 ± 30/77، 100 و 35/2 ± 02/95 درصد بیشترین تأثیر را در کنترل شته جالیز داشت. بررسی باقیمانده سموم نشان داد که در همه نمونه‌ها پس از برداشت محصول، باقیمانده امامکتین بنزوات به حدی پایین بود که تشخیص کمی و کیفی آن توسط دستگاه امکان‌پذیر نبود. باقیمانده استامی­پرید در سومین روز پس از سمپاشی در دزهای بررسی شده معادل 058/0 و 063/0 میلی‌گرم برکیلوگرم به دست آمد که از حد مجاز پایین‌تر بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Efficacy of different insecticides against Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and the determination of Emamectin Benzoate and Acetamiprid residue levels on greenhouse cucumber

نویسندگان [English]

  • F. Shafaghi 1
  • Maryam Foruzan 2
  • M. Morowati 3
  • M. Khosravi 4
  • P. Namvar 5
  • A. Sheikhi Garjan 6
1 Researcher, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), West Azarbayzan Agricultural and Natural Resources, Orumieh, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection Tehran, Iran
4 Instructor, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Sistan Agricultural and Education Research, Zabol, Iran
5 Associate Professor Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), South of Kerman province Agricultural and Natural Resources, Jiroft. Iran
6 Associate Professor, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives
Many aphids attack cucumbers in the greenhouse and reduce their quality and quantity. Various varieties of greenhouse aphid species, particularly Aphis gossypii Glover, are responsible for considerable damage to cucurbits and vegetables, including cucumbers, tomatoes, watermelons, melons, etc. In addition, these insects can transmit many plant viruses from infected plants to healthy ones.
Materials and Methods
This study was conducted in the cucumber greenhouses of the three provinces of Sistan and Baluchestan, western Azerbaijan, and southern Kerman by a randomized complete block design with five treatments and four replicates. The efficiency of Emamectin benzoate 4.8% + Acetamiprid 6.4% EC at a ratio of 1.5/1000 and 2 /100 was compared with Flonicamid (Teppeki 50 WG) at a ratio of 0.25 /100, Primicarb (DF 50%) at a ratio of 0.7 /1000, Dichlorvos (EC 50%) at a ratio of 0.5 /1000, and the control (water spraying). The sampling was done one day before and 3, 7, and 14 days after treatment. The Henderson-Tilton formula was used to calculate the efficiency of the pesticides. And the means were compared by Tukey's test and SAS software. In the second part of this study, to measure the pesticide residues, 11 samples (one sample from each both different doses were collected three times: 3, 6, 8, 13, and 15 days after spraying, while one sample was taken as a control with no treatment) were collected in West Azerbaijan Province and transferred to the Pesticide Residues Reference Laboratory in the Pesticide Research Department. The samples were crushed, homogenized, and prepared. The organic phase obtained in the process was used for the cleanup stage and then centrifuged. Furthermore, residual pesticide content was identified and quantified by optimizing the operating conditions of the LC-MS/MS instrument. Finally, a comparison of the calculated levels with the national MRLs was made to determine the level of the toxin residues present in the product.
Results and Discussion
The results showed the following on the third day after spraying:
The concentration of Emamctin benzoate + Acetamiprid treatment in Sistan and Baluchestan province was 2/1000 (77. 30 ± 4.6%). The concentration of Imamctin Benzoate + Acetamiprid insecticides in the Western Azerbaijan province was 2/1000 and 1.5/1000, and the concentration of Flonicamid was 95.02 ± 2.35, 94.42 ± 1.07, and 91.68 ± 3.65% respectively. Subsequently, Emamectin benzoate + Acetamiprid in the concentration of 2/1000 with an efficiency of 100% performed better than the others. The examination of the pesticide residues in the insecticide-treated cucumbers showed that the residues of Emamectin benzoate in all the samples sent after harvest were so low that LC-MS/MS was not able to detect it both quantitatively and qualitatively. Although the Acetamipride residue was 0.058 and 0.063 mg/kg respectively in both treatments on the third day after spraying, the level was below the permissible limit. Moreover, it was not detectable from the sixth day after spraying.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aphidiinae
  • Extraction
  • Chemical Control
  • and Cucumber

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 © 2022 by the authors. Licensee SCU, Ahvaz, Iran. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0 license) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
 
گیاه پزشکی
دوره 45، شماره 2
مرداد 1401
صفحه 109-120

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