بررسی فراسنجه‌های جدول زیستی شته مومی کلم،Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) تحت تأثیر غلظت زیرکشنده حشره‌کش ماترین

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی-فارسی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد، گروه گیا‌ه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

2 استاد، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

3 استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان غربی، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه، ایران.

چکیده

شته مومی کلمBrevicoryne brassicae  یکی از جدّی‎ترین آفات کلم در جهان است. این آفت از برگ‌ها و بیشتر از برگ‌های میانی گیاه میزبان خود تغذیه می‌کند. شته‌ها به رغم داشتن دشمنان طبیعی فراوان، به خاطر زاد و ولد سریع، به وسیله دشمنان طبیعی به طور کامل کنترل نمی‎شوند.کاربرد حشره‌کش‌های شیمیایی از روش‌های مهم مورد استفاده برای کنترل شته‌ها هستند. کاربرد یک آفت‌کش برای کنترل چند آفت می‌تواند هزینه‌ها و دفعات سمپاشی را کاهش دهد. در این پژوهش، اثرت کشنده و زیرکشنده حشره‌کش ماترین که دارای عملکرد تماسی و گوارشی است، روی شته‌ مومی کلم در شرایط آزمایشگاهی با روش غوطه‌ور کردن دیسک‎های برگی حامل شته در داخل محلول حشره‎کش مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. مقدار LC50 حشره‌کش ماترین برای افراد بالغ شته مومی کلم بعد از 24 ساعت 33/83 میکرولیتر بر میلی‌لیتر بدست آمد و  برای برآورد اثرات زیرکشندگی ماترین روی فراسنجه‌های زیستی شته مومی کلم از غلظت LC25 (11/30  میکرولیتر بر میلی‌لیتر) استفاده شد. آزمایش‌ها روی گیاه کلم واریته acephala انجام گرفت. یکی از روش‌های رایج بررسی اثرات غیرکشندگی حشره‌کش‌ها، استفاده از فراسنجه‌های جدول زندگی برای ارزیابی سمیت است. نتایج این تحقیق نشان داد که طول عمر و باروری شته‌های بالغ در غلظت زیرکشنده حشره‌کش نسبت به شاهد (آب مقطر و سیتوویت) به طور معنی‌داری کمتر بود. میانگین طول دوره پوره‌زایی شته‌های بالغ تحت تأثیر غلظت‌های زیرکشنده این حشره‌کش از 92/8 روز در شاهد به 79/3 روز در LC25 کاهش یافت. همچنین غلظت زیرکشنده ماترین، نرخ خالص تولیدمثل (R0) از 96/23 پوره به ازای هر ماده در هر نسل در تیمار شاهد را به 26/3 پوره کاهش داد. نرخ ذاتی افزایش جمعیت (r) در غلظت زیرکشنده 36/0 برروز و در شاهد 1/0 برروز ثبت شد. سایر فراسنجه‎ها مانند نرخ متناهی افزایش جمعیت (l) و نرخ ناخالص تولیدمثل (GRR) نیز به طور معنی‌داری نسبت به شاهد کمتر شدند. میانگین طول یک نسل (T) تحت تأثیر حشره‎کش ماترین نسبت به شاهد افزایش یافت. نتایج تحقیق حاضر در شرایط آزمایشگاهی نشان داد که این حشره‌کش اثرهای کشنده و زیرکشنده قابل ملاحظه‌ای روی شته مومی کلم دارد. لذا حشره‌کش گیاهی ماترین می‎تواند در برنامه‎های مدیریت شته مومی کلم نیز مورد توجه قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study on the life table parameters of the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) influenced by sublethal concentrations of the matrine

نویسندگان [English]

  • V. Amirfanak 1
  • S.A. Safavi 2
  • M. Forouzan 3
1 MSc, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Agriculture and natural resources research center of west Azarbaijan, AREEO, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives
Brevicoryne brassicae is one of the most serious cabbage pests in the world. This pest feeds on the leaves, mostly on the host plant's middle leaves. Despite having many natural enemies, aphids are not entirely controlled by natural enemies due to their rapid reproduction. Applying chemical insecticides is one of the essential methods used to control aphids; using one pesticide to control several pests can reduce the costs and frequency of spraying. In this study, the lethal and sub-lethal effects (LC25) of matrine insecticide with a contact and stomach function on the cabbage aphid, were evaluated under laboratory conditions.
Materials and Methods
The dipping method was used in bioassay and life table studies against adults of aphid insects. The LC50 value of matrine insecticide for adults of cabbage aphid was 83.33 μl/ml after 24 hours, and LC25 concentration (30.11 ml/ml) was used to estimate the sub-lethal effects of matrine on the biological parameters of the cabbage aphid. Experiments were performed on the acephala variety of cabbage. One common method of investigating insecticides' non-lethal effects is demographic toxicology, which uses life table and growth population parameters to evaluate toxicity.
Results
According to the results, the female lifespan/longevity and fertility affected by sub-lethal concentration were significantly reduced compared to the control (distilled water and citowett). The mean oviposition period of adult aphids decreased from 8.92 days in control to 3.79 days in LC25 concentration of the insecticide. The present study's data also showed that the sublethal concentration also affected the offspring of treated cabbage aphids. Accordingly, the sublethal concentration of matrine reduced the net reproductive rate (R0) from 23.96 nymphs per female in each generation in the control treatment to 3.26 nymphs in LC25. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) in sublethal concentration was recorded as 0.36 (day-1) and in control as 0.1 (day-1). Other parameters, such as finite rate of increase (l) and gross reproductive rate (GRR), were also significantly lower than the control. The mean generation time (T) of treatment affected by LC25 concentration of matrine increased compared to the control treatment.
Discussion
Results of the current research in laboratory conditions showed that this insecticide has significant lethal and sublethal effects on the cabbage aphid. Therefore, matrine, as an herbal insecticide, can be considered in the management programs of cabbage aphids.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • life table
  • sublethal effects
  • bioassay
  • botanical insecticide

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گیاه پزشکی
دوره 45، شماره 4
اسفند 1401
صفحه 19-35

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