ارزیابی کارایی جدایه‌های بومی قارچBeauveria bassiana در مهار زنجرک مهاجم Orosanga japonica

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی-فارسی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته دکتری و محقق، بخش تحقیقات حمایت و حفاظت، موسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات حمایت و حفاظت، موسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

3 کارشناس ارشد، دفتر حفاظت و حمایت منابع طبیعی سازمان جنگل‌ها، مراتع و آبخیزداری کشور، چالوس، مازندران، ایران

4 استادیار پژوهش، باغ گیاه شناسی نوشهر، موسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، نوشهر، مازندران، ایران

چکیده

زنجرکOrosanga japonica  آفت مهاجم و چندخوار در منطقه پالئارکتیک است که در سال 1389 از شمال ایران از روی درختان مرکبات جمع‌آوری شد. پوره‌ها و حشرات کامل این آفت با تغذیه از شیره گیاهی و ترشح زیاد عسلک به گیاهان مختلف خسارت اقتصادی وارد می‌کنند. علیرغم شیوه‌های مختلف مدیریتی، مهار موفقیت‌آمیز این آفت به دلیل رشد و تکثیر سریع آن دشوار است. در مطالعه حاضر، طی جنگل گردی در مناطق پراکنش این آفت در استان مازندران، لاروهایی که به قارچ آلوده بودند، مشاهده شدند. پس از بررسی‌های ریخت‌شناسی و مولکولی، دو جدایه‌ی بومی قارچ بیمارگر حشرات (EPFs)، Beauveria bassiana شناسایی شد. این جدایه‌‌ها دارای پرگنه‌های سفید تا کرم رنگ با لبه‌های نامنظم و ظاهر پودری، ساختارهای زایشی و کنیدی‌هایی با ریخت‌شناسی، اندازه و رنگ معمول گونه‌ی B. bassiana بودند. شناسایی جدایه‌های ‌ قارچی‌ با تکثیر و توالی‌یابی nrITS با استفاده از آغازگرهای ITS1F و ITS4 انجام شد. تحلیل مقایسه‌ای توالی‌های ITS با توالی‌های نوکلئوتیدی پایگاه داده GenBank، شباهت 100-99 درصد با B. bassiana را نشان داد. کارایی دو جدایه‌ی قارچ بیمارگر حشرات در برابر حشره کامل آفت مذکور در شرایط آزمایشگاهی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. مقادیر LC50 جدایه‌ی 1 و جدایه‌ی 2 به ترتیب 106 × 0/4 و 106 × 3/3 کنیدی در میلی­لیتر (روش غوطه‌­وری برگ) و به ترتیب 106 × 4/5 و 106 × 7/4 (روش پاشش مستقیم) روی حشرات کامل زنجرک در شرایط آزمایشگاهی پس از 96 ساعت از تیمار، در دمای 25 درجه‌ی ‌سلسیوس و رطوبت نسبی 60 درصد بود. یافته‌های این پژوهش می‌تواند برای ایجاد یک راه‌برد مدیریت کارآمد در مهار آفت مهاجمO. japonica  و ساخت قارچ‌کش بومی مفید باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Efficacy of Indigenous Isolates of Beauveria bassiana in Controlling Invasive Planthopper, Orosanga japonica

نویسندگان [English]

  • R. Gholami Ghavamabad 1
  • S. M. Zamani 2
  • Y. Ahangaran 3
  • F. Kazerani 2
  • E. Zarghani 4
1 Ph.D. Graduate student and Researcher, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Research Institute of Forests and Rangeland, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
3 MSc. Plant pathology, Forests, Rangelands and Watershed Organization, Natural Resources Protection and Conservation substitute Office, Chalus, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Botanical Garden of Noshahr, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives
 Orosanga japonica (Hemiptera: Ricaniidae) is an invasive and polyphagous pest in the Palearctic region collected and reported from the northern part of Iran on citrus orchards in 2010. Nymphs and adults of the pest cause economic and critical damage to different plants by direct feeding and heavy deposits of honeydew on leaves. Despite various management practices, successful control of this pest has been difficult due to its rapid development and reproduction rate. Beauveria bassiana, an entomopathogenic fungus (EPF), has been extensively researched for its ability to manage a variety of insect pests and appears to be a potential alternative to conventional insecticides.
Material and Methods
 In the present study, in the course of a forest survey in the distribution areas of O. japonica in Mazandaran province, larvae were infected with some native isolates of fungal mycelia were observed. After morphological and molecular identification, two fungal-infected specimens were confirmed as B. bassiana. Fungal collections were characterized by amplifying and sequencing the ITS region of rDNA using primers ITS1 and ITS4. The susceptibility of adults of O. japonica to two EPFs isolates was evaluated using the leaf dipping method and the direct spraying method under laboratory conditions. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (SAS, 2002) with insect mortality as the response variable. Means were separated at alpha=0.01 using Duncan´s test. The LC50 and LC90 values of EPFs and the mean lethal times of LT50 were estimated by Probit analysis using SPSS Statistics 17.0
Results
Two different fungal isolates presented white to cream colonies with irregular edges and powdery appearance, reproductive structures, and conidia with typical morphology, size, and color of B. bassiana species. The mean lethal concentration values (LC50) of isolate 1 and isolate 2 to were 4.00 × 106 and 3.3 × 106 conidia ml-1 (leaf dipping method) and 5.4 × 106 and 4.7× 106 conidia ml-1 (direct spraying method) on the adults of O. japonica respectively in the laboratory tests after 96 h post treatments, at 25°C and 60% relative humidity. The similarities of the ITS sequences of both two EPFs were 99-100% to those of B. bassiana in the GenBank database.
Conclusion
The natural pathogens of pests have long been known to play a significant role in the population dynamics of many important forest pests and provide assistance to manage pests and develop tools for management. Fungal diversity in the moist and temperate Hyrcanian forests can vary widely due to diverse ecological conditions. Generally, these findings could help establish an efficient management strategy for O. japonica as an invasive pest and the development of mycoinsecticide from an indigenous fungus. Future research could investigate the effect of other native EPF isolates and developing techniques in fungal formulation against O. japonica.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Iran
  • Hyrcanian Forest
  • Planthopper
  • Bioassay
  • Entomopathogenic Fungi

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گیاه پزشکی
دوره 45، شماره 4
اسفند 1401
صفحه 149-163

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