ارزیابی مقاومت کمی به نژاد 1.2 عامل پژمردگی فوزاریومی در توده‌های بومی خربزه با استفاده از مؤلفه های شاخص بیماری

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی-فارسی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه ژنتیک و به نژادی گیاهی، پردیس کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار، گروه ژنتیک و به نژادی گیاهی، پردیس کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

3 استاد، گروه بیوتکنولوژی گیاهی، پژوهشگاه ملی مهندسی ژنتیک و زیست فناوری، تهران، ایران

چکیده

بیماری پژمردگی فوزاریومی یکی از مهم‌ترین بیماری‌های خربزه (Cocumis melo L.) است که سبب خسارت 20 تا 80% در مزارع خربزه می‌‏شود و در شرایط مساعد گسترش بیماری به 100% نیز می‌رسد. در این پژوهش 46 توده بومی خربزه جمع‏‌آوری شده از نقاط مختلف استان‌های خراسان رضوی، شمالی و جنوبی و به همراه 2 رگه افتراقی ایزابل و شارنته‏ T به منظور شناسایی منابع جدیدی از مقاومت به بیماری پژمردگی فوزاریومی مطالعه شد. آزمایش‌ها در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در گلخانه اجرا شد. ریشه گیاهچه‌ها 14 روزه با سوسپانسیون اسپور Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.melonis نژاد 1.2 مایه‌زنی شد. ارزیابی مقاومت با استفاده از شاخص‌های سطح زیر منحنی پیشرفت بیماری، دوره نهفتگی بیماری، شدت بیماری و سطح زیر منحنی پیشرفت بیماری استاندارد شده در توده‌ها محاسبه گردید. بررسی تنوع مقاومت توده‌های مورد مطالعه با استفاده از تجزیه واریانس داده‏‌ها حاکی از وجود اختلاف معنی‏‌دار 1% بین توده‌ها برای هر چهار شاخص‌ مورد مطالعه بود. براساس نتایج حاصل از نقشه حرارتی در ژنوتیپ ایزابل و توده قائنات مقاومت به نژاد 1.2 بیماری پژمردگی فوزاریومی وجود دارد. همچنین تجزیه خوشه‌ای توده‌ها بر اساس روش وارد منجر به شناسایی شش گروه مقاومت از 46 توده بومی مورد مطالعه به همراه دو رگه افتراقی شاهد شد. نتایج تحقیق حاضر ‏نشان داد براساس هر ‏چهار شاخص فوق ژنوتیپ ایزابل به عنوان شاهد مقاوم و توده‌های قائنات، تیل مگسی، تیل زرد، تیل طرق، لاکی 1 و تیل ‏کشیده دارای مقاومت به نژاد 2‏‎.‎‏1 عامل بیماری ‏پژمردگی فوزاریومی بودند.‏

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of quantitative resistance to Fusarium wilt race 1.2 in ‎landraces of melon using disease index parameters

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Bozorgmehr 1
  • M. S. Sabet 2
  • M. A. Malboobi 3
  • A. moieni 2
1 Ph.D. student, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Agricultural College, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, Agricultural College, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Plant Biotech, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives
Fusarium wilt disease is one of the most important diseases of melon, which causes damage between 20 and 80% in melon fields. In favorable conditions, the spread of the disease can reach 100%. In the improvement programs, achieving resistant cultivars is considered one of the most important methods of controlling this disease.
Materials and Methods
In this research, 46 melon landraces were collected from different parts of Razavi, Northern and Southern Khorasan provinces, along with two separate lines, Isabel and Charente T respectively as resistant and sensitive control cultivars to identify new sources of wilt disease resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis. The experiments were carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the greenhouse of the agricultural campus of Tarbiat Modares University. The seeds were grown in trays containing cocopeat and perlite in a ratio of 2:1; fourteen days after cultivation, the roots of the young seedlings were removed from the culture tray and inoculated for two minutes with the isolate Mt13-3a of F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis race 1.2 spore suspension solution, with a concentration of 106 conidium per milliliter. The symptom was evaluated nine days after inoculation. The spread of symptoms on the plants was recorded every day for 30 days until the complete death of the plant. Evaluation of resistance was calculated using the indices of the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC), latent period (LP), disease severity index (DSI), and standardized area under the disease progress curve (SAUDPC) in landraces. Investigating the variation of the resistance of the studied landraces based on the mentioned indices was done using analysis of variance and cluster analysis.
Results
The results of the analysis of variance of the data indicated the existence of a significant difference of 1% between the landraces for all four studied indices. Based on the heat map results, there is resistance to race 1.2 of F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis in the genotype Isabel and Tude Qaenat. Also, the cluster analysis of landraces based on Ward's method led to identifying six resistance groups from the 46 landraces studied, along with two differential control lines.
Discussion
The results of the present research showed that for all four indices of LP, AUDPC, DSI and SAUDPC, there is resistance to race 1.2 of F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis in Isabel genotype as a resistant control and the landraces of Qaenat, Till Magasi, Till Zard, Till Torgh, Laki 1 and Till Keshideh compared to the sensitive control (Charente T).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Area under disease progress curve
  • Cluster analysis
  • Cucurbits
  • Differential Line
  • Disease severity index
  • Latent period
  • Vascular wilt

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 © 2023 by the authors. Licensee SCU, Ahvaz, Iran. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0 license) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
گیاه پزشکی
دوره 46، شماره 1
اردیبهشت 1402
صفحه 57-71

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