ارزیابی زهرآگینی جدایه‌های ایرانی قارچ‌های بیمارگر حشرات د ر کنترل میکروبی شب‌پره آرد˓ Ephestia kuehniella (Lep: Pyralidae)

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی-فارسی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی،گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، واحد تبریز ، دانشگاه آزاداسلامی ، تبریز، ایران

2 استادیار، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، واحد تبریز ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، تبریز، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، ایران

چکیده

قارچ‌های بیمارگر حشرات در برگیرنده طیف وسیعی از گونه‌هایی هستند که از نظر اکولوژیکی بسیارمتنوع بوده بسیاری از آنها برای حشرات بیماریزا و دارای تخصص میزبانی هستند. استفاده از قارچ‌های بیمارگر حشرات به‌عنوان راهکاری برای جایگزین کاربرد وسیع آفت‌کش‌های شیمیایی در محصولات انباری محسوب می‌شود. شب‌پره آرد، Ephestia kuehniella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)، یکی از آفات جدی و عمومی غلات انباری است. این پژوهش، به منظور بررسی کارایی جدایه‌های ایرانی قارچ‌های بیمارگر حشرات در کنترل میکروبیE. kuehniella انجام شد، که طی آن چهار جدایه (BVA،BVB ، BVE وBVF ) از قارچ Beauveria bassiana و دو جدایه (LCA وLC ) از قارچLecanicillium lecanii با استفاده از روش تله خاکی با لارو E. kuehniella از خاک باغات مناطق مختلف آذربایجان شرقی جداسازی و شناسایی شد. برای اثبات بیماری‌زایی جدایه‌های بدست آمده، آلوده-سازی لاروهای سن چهارم E. kuehniella به روش غوطه‌وری با جدایه‌ها در پنج غلظت 104، 105، 106، 107و 108 کنیدی در میلی‌لیتر در سه تکرار ارزیابی شد. جدایه‌های BVBو BVA با کم‌ترین LC50 به‌ترتیب با مقادیر 105×8/2 و 105×5/2 کنیدی بر میلی‌لیتر، بیشترین زهراگینی و جدایه BVF با بیشترین LC50 با مقدار 107×2/2 کنیدی بر میلی‌لیتر، کمترین زهراگینی را روی لارو شب پره آرد داشت. میزان زهرآگینی بین جدایه‌ها در غلظت‌های مختلف، تفاوت معنی‌داری داشت. نتایج نشان داد که از میان جدایه های بومی مورد مطالعه در منطقه آذربایجان، جدایه‌ BVA با غلظت کمتر و در زمان کوتاه تر کارایی زیستی بالاتری روی لارو شب‌پره آرد داشته و می تواند در راستای استفاده بهینه از آفت‌کش ها و تدوین برنامه های مدیریتی مورد توجه قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessing the Virulence of Iranian entomopathogenic fungi isolates in control of Ephestia kuehniella (Lep: Pyralidae) (Zeller)

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Moghassem 1
  • M. Jamshidi 2
  • R. Khakvar 3
  • S. Nematollahi 2
1 Ph.D. student of Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Protection, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
3 Associate Professor Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Entomogenous fungi include a wide range of species that are ecologically very diverse. Many of them are pathogenic to insects and mostly show host specificity. Isolation and identification of native entomogenous fungi, especially pathogenic species, and their use as a source of biological control agents is an important safe, environmentally-friendly pest control approach. This survey isolated and characterized entomogenous fungi that naturally occur in soil. Post-harvest infestations cause considerable losses in cereal production. Stored-product insect control is mainly accomplished by chemical means; however, pesticides can affect non-target species, such as plants, animals, and humans. Pesticides increase pest resistance. Another possible negative effect of pesticides is their ability to bioaccumulate and biological magnification. Therefore, alternative agents are needed for managing stored-product insect pests. Biological control of stored-product insects with entomopathogenic fungi is a successful, sustainable alternative to chemical insecticides. Mediterranean flour moth, Ephestia kuehniella, is one of the most important insect pests infesting stored grain of cereals worldwide. This study isolated and determined some entomopathogenic fungi's efficacy in flour moth biocontrol, E. kuehniella.

Materials and Methods

Different strains of entomopathogenic fungi were isolated from the soils of various districts of Azarbaijan province in the Northwest of Iran. Their virulence against E. kuehniella larvae was evaluated. Isolates of various entomopathogenic fungi were isolated and purified using a soil trap from twenty distinct soil specimens. The immersion technique evaluated their pathogenicity against E. kuehniella in three replicates. This was done at 104, 105, 106, 107, and 108 conidia/mL concentrations. All selected fungal isolates were identified based on morphological features and mycological parameters.

Results

Four isolates of B. bassiana (BVA, BVB, BVE, and BVF) and two of L. lecanii (LCA and LC) from fourteen isolates were isolated. Six fungal species, namely Lecanicillium lecanii and Beauveria bassiana, were identified among the fourteen isolates collected. The bioassay assessment revealed that E. kuehniella fourth-instar larvae were susceptible to all isolates and that the larval death rate increased with rising conidial concentration. The BVA and BVB isolates of B. bassiana showed the maximum virulence, with nearly 2.5×105 and 2.8×105 (conidia/mL) LC50, while the BVF isolate of B. bassiana had the least virulence among the other isolates evaluated, with nearly 2.2×107 (conidia/mL) LC50 on E. kuehniella. The lowest LT50 value (3.72 days) using a 108 conidia/ml concentration on E. kuehniella larvae was shown on the BVA isolate.

Discussion

A comparison of the means and grouping of isolates showed a significant difference between isolates and the effectiveness of different concentrations. Also, the BVA isolate of B. bassiana had greater efficiency than the other isolates, and therefore, they will be more suitable for use in plant pest biological control programs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biological control
  • East Azarbaijan
  • Stored-product pest
  • Beauveria bassiana
  • Lecanicillium lecanii

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 © 2023 by the authors. Licensee SCU, Ahvaz, Iran. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0 license) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
 
گیاه پزشکی
دوره 46، شماره 2
مرداد 1402
صفحه 73-86

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