بررسی وضعیت باقیمانده ایمیداکلوپراید و تیامتوکسام در کاهو پس از ضدعفونی بذر

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی-فارسی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات آفت‌کش‌ها، مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ولنجک، تهران، ایران

2 مربی بخش تحقیقات ویروس‌شناسی، مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ولنجک، تهران، ایران

3 دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات حشره‌شناسی کشاورزی، مؤسسه تحقیقات گیاه‌پزشکی کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ولنجک، تهران، ایران

چکیده

بیماری‌ ناشی از ویروس پژمردگی لکه‌ای گوجه‌فرنگی Tomato spotted wilt virus, TSWV)) ‌در کاهوکاری‌های کشور شایع بوده و خسارت جدی به این محصول وارد می نماید. برای این منظور از فرمولاسیون تجاری مخصوص ضدعفونی بذر حشره‌کش‌های ایمیداکلوپراید و تیامتوکسام برای ضدعفونی بذر کاهو جهت کنترل تریپس ناقل این ویروس از حشره کش های ایمیداکلوپراید و تیامتوکسام به ترتیب با غلظت های 21 و 8/22گرم در کیلوگرم بذر استفاده گردید. بذرهای تیمارشده ابتدا درسینی نشاء کشت شدند و یک ماه بعد به صورت نشاء درمزرعه کشت شدند در 28 و 49 روز بعد از انتقال نشاء به مزرعه تعداد 5 نمونه بوته کاهو از هر تیمار برداشت کرده و به آزمایشگاه باقیمانده سموم منتقل گردید. جهت استخراج باقیمانده آفت‌کش‌های مذکور از نمونه های کاهواز روش کچرز استفاده گردید. سپس محلول استخراج شده جهت شناسایی و اندازه گیری آفت‌‌کش‌ها به دستگاه LC-MS/MS تزریق گردید. نتایج حاصل از بررسی باقیمانده تیامتوکسام و ایمیداکلوپراید روی محصول نهایی کاهو 8 و 11 هفته پس از کشت بذر ضدعفونی شده نشان داد که هیچ باقیمانده قابل ردیابی از ایمیداکلوپراید در کاهو در این دو زمان نمونه برداری مشاهده نشد و صرفا باقیمانده حشره‌کش تیامتوکسام با میزان 33/0 میلی گرم/ کیلوگرم پس از 8 هفته و 28/0 میلی گرم/ کیلوگرم پس از 11 هفته پس از کاشت بذر شناسایی و اندازه گیری گردید که با توجه به مرز بیشینه مانده مجاز تیامتوکسام (3 میلی گرم/ کیلوگرم) میزان باقیمانده اندازه گیری شده پایین تر از این حد بوده و قابل قبول است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the Residual Status of Imidacloprid and Thiamethoxam in Lettuce after Seed Treatment

نویسندگان [English]

  • M. Morowati 1
  • T. Ghotbi 2
  • V. Mahdavi 1
  • A. Sheikhi Garjan 3
1 Associate Professor, Pesticides Research Department. Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
2 Instructor, Agricultural Virology Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Agricultural Entomology Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Velenjak, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives
The area under cultivation of lettuce in the country is 14,000 hectares, and the amount of lettuce production in Iran is 300,000 tons. Among the important damaging factors in lettuce production is the tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). With its wide host range, this virus is transmitted mechanically through infected plant sap by thrips. In Iran, various insecticides such as spinosad, diazinon, imidacloprid, profenofos, etc., which are from different groups, have been registered to control thrips. New reports show that other insecticides like thiamethoxam and imidacloprid are effective on thrips, too.
The use of pesticides should be performed very carefully due not only to the residue on the surface of the products, but also its penetration into the tissue of fruits, vegetables, and even grains. Excessive use of pesticides in the production of agricultural products causes pesticide residue, which is considered a risk factor for human health and the environment. High pesticide residues in all kinds of products, especially lettuce, which is consumed fresh, is of particular importance. Therefore, appropriate measures must be taken to reduce the risks of high residue levels of pesticides.
Materials and Methods
The insecticides imidacloprid and thiamethoxam were used to treat lettuce seeds to control the thrips, which is the vector of this virus. The first treatment consisted of seed treatment of lettuce with imidacloprid and the second one with thiamethoxam. Twenty transplants from each treatment were evaluated regarding thrips infection and TSWV viral disease. To extract the samples for the measurement of pesticide residues QuEChers method was used. The extracted solution was injected into the LC-MS/MS to identify and measure the pesticide residue in the lettuce samples after eight and eleven weeks of cultivated treated seeds.
Results
The results show that thiamethoxam, with 84.5%, and imidacloprid, with 45% efficacy, can prevent infection with TSWV up to one month after transplantation. The results show that no detectable imidacloprid residue was observed in the lettuce at the two sampling periods, and only 0.33 mg/kg and 0.28 mg/kg of thiamethoxam were detectable after 8 and 11 weeks, respectively. According to the national Maximum Residue Levels (MRL) of thiamethoxam (3 mg/kg), the measured residue levels are lower than the MRL.
Discussion
Therefore, according to the results obtained, the insecticides used for the lettuce seed treatment to control the thrips with the doses mentioned above are safe for the consumers of the final product as the residue of these insecticides after treatment is well below the national MRLs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pesticide residues
  • TSWV viral disease
  • Lettuce
  • LC-MS/MS
  • MRL

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 © 2023 by the authors. Licensee SCU, Ahvaz, Iran. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0 license) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
گیاه پزشکی
دوره 46، شماره 2
مرداد 1402
صفحه 107-118

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