Fertility life table parameters of the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae ‎affected by sublethal concentration of BotanAphid aphidicide on two ‎cabbage varieties

Document Type : Research paper-Persian

Authors

1 M.Sc. student, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Protection Research, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of West Azarbaijan, AREEO, Urmia, Iran

4 Researcher, Department of Plant Protection Research, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of West Azarbaijan, AREEO, Urmia, Iran

Abstract

Background and Objectives

Cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. is one of the important pests of brassicaceous plants ‎worldwide, causing considerable damage to them. It not only damages host plants by directly ‎sucking the tissue sap and excreting honeydew, but also transmits some plant pathogenic viruses ‎and further weakens the host crops. In one hand, due to the adverse effects of irregular chemical ‎pesticide use on vegetables such as cabbage, and indecisive effects of biocontrol agents in pest ‎control, exploring alternative methods for cabbage aphid management such as botanical pesticide ‎application sounds appropriate and necessary. Therefore, in the present study, acute toxicity of the ‎botanical insecticide, BotanAphid was studied against cabbage aphid on white and red cabbages by ‎determining their corresponding LC50 values. Moreover, their sublethal (corresponding LC25 ‎values) effect was assessed on the fertility life table parameters of the pest in both white and red ‎cabbages.‎

Materials and Methods

After preliminary bioassays based on recommended concentration (2 % for cotton aphid) in both ‎plant cultivars, five concentrations were estimated by logarithmic intervals in white (0.45, 0.81, ‎‎1.48, 2.69 and 4.9 percent) and red (0.5, 0.89, 1.58, 2.82 and 5.01 percent) cabbages. Control ‎aphids were treated with distilled water containing 0.05% citowett as surfactant. Thirty newly ‎emerged adult aphids were randomly selected for each treatment. Ten insects were placed on each ‎leaf disc and treated uniformly by a hand sprayer. After drying, insects were placed within Petri ‎dish with ventilation. The number of dead insects were counted after 24 h. Bioassay data were ‎analyzed by probit analysis using SAS 24.0. To study the sublethal effects of BotanAphid on ‎fertility life table parameters of B. brassicae, the calculated LC25 values (0.675 and 0.765 percents ‎respectively for white and red cabbage cultivars) of BotanAphid were used. For each treatment and ‎control, 50 adult aphids were treated similar to bioassays. All treated insects were removed after 24 ‎h and the number of 50 newly emerged first instar nymphs from treated adults were randomly ‎selected and kept individually. The number of dead insects and produced nymphs were recorded ‎daily and removed from experimental units. Life table data were analyzed using Twosex-MsChart ‎program and the means and standard errors of parameters were calculated by bootstrap method ‎using 100000 replicates.‎

Results

According to the bioassays, the mean lethal concentrations (LC50 values) of this pesticide on ‎cabbage aphid were 1.552 and 1.704 percents respectively in white and red cabbages. In life table ‎study with LC25 values of aphicide, the lowest fertility and reproduction period of B. brassicae ‎were remarkably decreased on BotanAphid treatment in both white and red cabbages compared to ‎corresponding control (insecticide-free) units. Furthermore, pre-adult duration was prolonged and ‎survival of treated aphids was decreased considerably when compared to control. In addition, ‎insecticide treatment caused intrinsic rate of increase (r), as the most important population growth ‎parameter, of the cabbage aphids to be lowered significantly compared to corresponding control ‎insects. Also, BotanAphid sublethal concentration resulted in considerable decrease in other life ‎table parameters when compared to appropriate control insects in both cabbage cultivars. ‎Reproduction values and life expectancies were the highest in control aphids and the lowest in ‎LC25-treated insects.‎

Discussion

Our results revealed that B. brassicae suffered considerable mortality from BotanAphid, as a ‎botanical insecticide in nearly recommended concentrations (2 %). Comparison of LC50 confidence ‎intervals (95%) showed that susceptibility of the pest was not statistically different in treated aphids ‎on white and red cultivars. This showed that the plant cultivar did not impose significant impact on ‎aphid mortality. Given that the chemical content of sap and nutritional quality of two cultivars are ‎varying in different cultivars, these did not affect adult aphids’ mortality encountering BotanAphid. ‎Using LC25 value in each cultivar for analyzing life table parameters demonstrated the its negative ‎influence on all parameters compared to control insects in both cultivars. Besides these results, due ‎to botanical nature of BotanAphid and its low risk for non-target organisms especially human, this ‎pesticide application is recommendable on fresh-consuming vegetables such as different cabbage ‎cultivars.‎

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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 © 2025 by the authors. Licensee SCU, Ahvaz, Iran. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0 license) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
Plant Protection (Scientific Journal of Agriculture)
Volume 47, Issue 4
January 2025
Pages 23-43

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