Afshari, F. (2008). Prevalent pathotypes of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in Iran. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 10, 67–78.
Aggarwal, R., Kulshreshtha, D., Sharma, S., Singh, V.K., Manjunatha, C., Bhardwaj, S.C.
et al. (2018). Molecular characterization of Indian pathotypes of
Puccinia striiformis f. sp.
tritici and multigene phylogenetic analysis to establish inter- and intraspecific relationships.
Genetics and Molecular Biology,
41, 834–842.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2017-0272
Ali, S., Rodriguez-Algaba, J., Thach, T., Sørensen, C.K., Hansen, J.G., Lassen, P., Nazari, K.
et al. (2017). Yellow rust epidemics worldwide were caused by pathogen races from divergent genetic lineages.
Frontiers in Plant Science,
8, 1057.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2017.01057
Ali, S., Shah, S.J.A. & Ibrahim, M. (2007). Assessment of wheat breeding lines for slow yellow rusting. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 10, 3440–3444.
Anonymous. (2023). Agricultural Statistics Yearbook Vol. I: Crops. Ministry of Agriculture-Jahad Publications. 95 pp.
Beddow, J.M., Pardey, P.G., Chai, Y., Hurley, T.M., Kriticos, D.J., Braun, J.C.
et al. (2015). Research investment implications of shifts in the global geography of wheat stripe rust.
Nature Plants,
1, 15132.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nplants.2015.132
Bhattacharya, S. (2017). Deadly new wheat disease threatens Europe’s crops. Nature, 542, 145–146. DOI: 10.1038/nature.2017.21424
Chen, X. (2013). High-temperature adult-plant resistance, key for sustainable control of stripe rust.
American Journal of Plant Sciences,
4, 608–627.
https://doi.org/10.4236/ajps.2013.43080
Chen, X.M. (2020). Pathogens which threaten food security:
Puccinia striiformis, the wheat stripe rust pathogen.
Food Security,
12, 239–251.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-020-01016-z
Chen, X.M. & Kang, Z.S. (2017). Stripe Rust. Dordrecht: Springer.
Dawana, D., Dessie, B., Kebede, M. & Shimelash, D. (2024). Pathogenicity of
Puccinia striiformis f. sp.
tritici and quantitative traits on bread wheat landraces in Ethiopia.
Crop Science,
64, 1–16.
https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21193
Denbel, W., Badebo, A., Hussein, T. & Singh, R.P. (2013). Evaluation of Ethiopian wheat lines for slow rusting resistance to stem rust of wheat caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. African Crop Science Journal, 21, 99–108.
Ezzahiri, B., Yahyaoui, A. & Hovmøller, M.S. (2009). An analysis of the 2009 epidemic of yellow rust on wheat in Morocco. In: Proceedings of the 4th Regional Yellow Rust Conference for Central and West Asia and North Africa. Antalya, Turkey.
Hei, N., Shimelis, H.A., Laing, M. & Admassu, B. (2015). Assessment of Ethiopian wheat lines for slow rusting resistance to stem rust of wheat caused by
Puccinia graminis f. sp.
tritici.
Journal of Phytopathology,
163, 353–363.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.12330
Herrera-Foessel, S.A., Lagudah, E.S., Huerta-Espino, J., Hayden, M.J.
et al. (2011). New slow rusting leaf rust and stripe rust resistance genes
Lr67 and
Yr46 in wheat are pleiotropic or closely linked.
Theoretical and Applied Genetics,
122, 239–249.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-010-1439-x
Hovmøller, M.S., Walter, S., Bayles, R., Hubbard, A., Flath, K., Sommerfeldt, N.
et al. (2016). Replacement of the European wheat yellow rust population by new races from the centre of diversity in the near-Himalayan region.
Plant Pathology,
65, 402–411.
https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12433
Huerta-Espino, J., Singh, R., Crespo-Herrera, L.A., Villaseñor-Mir, H.E., Rodriguez-Garcia, M.F., Dreisigacker, S., Barcenas-Santana, D. & Lagudah, E. (2020). Adult plant slow rusting genes confer high levels of resistance to rusts in bread wheat cultivars from Mexico.
Frontiers in Plant Science,
11, 824.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.00824
Joshi, L.M., Singh, D.V. & Srivastava, K.D. (1988). Techniques in Wheat Diseases. New Delhi: Malhotra Publishing House.
Kumar, K., Jan, I., Saripalli, G., Sharma, P.K., Mir, R.R., Balyan, H.S. & Gupta, P.K. (2020). An update on resistance genes and their use in the development of leaf rust resistant cultivars in wheat.
Frontiers in Genetics,
11, 569824.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2020.569824
Malihipour, A. & Esmaeilzadeh Moghaddam, M. (2023). Reaction of the south warm agro climate zone elite wheat lines of Iran to stem rust at seedling and adult plant stages.
Plant Protection (Scientific Journal of Agriculture),
46, 87–103.
https://doi.org/10.22055/ppr.2023.42776.1674
McIntosh, R.A., Wellings, C.R. & Park, R.F. (1995). Wheat Rusts: An Atlas of Resistance Genes. East Melbourne: CSIRO Publications.
Meyer, M., Bacha, N., Tesfaye, T., Alemayehu, Y., Abera, E., Stukenbrock, E.H., McDonald, B.A. & Palma-Guerrero, J. (2021). Wheat rust epidemics damage Ethiopian wheat production: A decade of field disease surveillance reveals national-scale trends in past outbreaks.
PLOS ONE,
16, e0245697.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245697
Milus, E.A. & Line, R.F. (1986). Gene action for inheritance of durable, high-temperature, adult plant resistance to stripe rust in wheat. Phytopathology, 76, 435–441.
Mohammadi, N., Safavi, S.A., Pouralibaba, H., Afshari, F., Yassaie, M., Roustaie, M. & Atahoseini, S.M. (2023). Screening of dryland bread wheat genotypes against yellow rust through greenhouse and multi-environmental trials. Journal of Crop Protection, 12, 43–53. DOI: 10.22067/jcp.v12i1.82959
Olivera Firpo, P.D., Newcomb, M., Szabo, L.J., Rouse, M.N., Johnson, J., Gale, S.W., Luster, D.G., Wanyera, R., Macharia, G., Bhavani, S., Hodson, D., Patpour, M., Hovmøller, M.S. & Jin, Y. (2022). Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici population causing recent wheat stem rust epidemics in Kazakhstan is highly diverse and includes novel virulences. Phytopathology, 112, 367–380. DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-08-21-0320-R
Olivera, P., Newcomb, M., Szabo, L.J., Rouse, M., Johnson, J., Gale, S., Luster, D.G., Hodson, D., Cox, J.A., Burgin, L., Hort, M., Gilligan, C.A., Patpour, M., Justesen, A.F., Hovmøller, M.S., Woldeab, G., Hailu, E., Hundie, B., Tadesse, K., Pumphrey, M., Singh, R.P., & Jin, Y. (2015). Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of race TKTTF of Puccinia graminis f. sp tritici that caused a wheat stem rust epidemic in southern Ethiopia in 2013-14. Phytopathology, 105, 917–928. DOI: 10.1094/phyto-11-14-0302-fi
Omrani, A., Afshari, F., Shahbazi, F., & Kabiri, A. (2024). Investigating the reaction of resistance to stripe rust disease (
Puccinia striiformis f. sp.
tritici) in commercial cultivars and promising wheat lines (candidate to be introduced as a commercial cultivar).
Plant Protection (Scientific Journal of Agriculture),
47, 79–97.
https://doi.org/10.22055/ppr.2024.48221.1769
Peterson, R.F., Campbell, A.B., & Hannah, A.E. (1948). A diagrammatic scale for estimating rust intensity on leaves and stems of cereals. Canadian Journal of Research, 26, 496–500.
Pretorius, Z.A., Singh, R.P., Wagoire, W.W., & Payne, T.S. (2000). Detection of virulence to wheat stem rust resistance gene
Sr31 in
Puccinia graminis f. sp.
tritici in Uganda.
Plant Disease,
84, 203.
https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.2.203B
Rahmatov, M., Rouse, M.N., Steffenson, B.J., Andersson, S.C., Wanyera, R., Pretorius, Z.A., Houmøller, A., & Johansson, E. (2012). Sources of stem rust resistance in wheat-alien introgression lines.
Plant Disease,
100, 1101–1109.
https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-15-0392-RE
Roelfs, A.P., Singh, R.P., & Saari, E.E. (1992). Rust Diseases of Wheat: Concepts and Methods of Disease Management. Mexico, D.F.: CIMMYT.
Safavi, S.A. (2019). Effectiveness of resistance genes to stripe rust and virulence of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici during two years monitoring in Ardabil. Applied Researches in Plant Protection, 8, 95–107.
Safavi, S.A., & Afshari, F. (2017). A seven-year assessment of resistance durability to stripe rust in some wheat cultivars in Ardabil province, Iran. Journal of Crop Protection, 6, 409–421.
Safavi, S.A., & Malihipour, A. (2018). Effective and ineffective resistance genes and reaction of promising wheat lines to stem rust in Ardabil. Journal of Crop Protection, 7, 415–427.
Safavi, S.A., & Malihipour, A. (2020). Partial resistance of some wheat cultivars and candidate lines against stem rust (
Puccinia graminis f. sp.
tritici).
Plant Protection (Scientific Journal of Agriculture),
43, 31–52.
https://doi.org/10.22055/ppr.2020.31392.1558
Sandoval-Islas, J.S., Broers, L.H.M., Mora-Aguilera, G., Parlevliet, J.E., Osada, K.S., & Vihar, H.E. (2007). Quantitative resistance and its components in barley cultivars to yellow rust.
Euphytica,
153, 295–308.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-006-9200-x
Singh, R.P., Huerta-Espino, J., Bhavani, S., Herrera-Foessel, S.A., Singh, D., Singh, P.K., Velu, G., Mason, R.E., Jin, Y., Njau, P., & Crossa, J. (2011). Race non-specific resistance to rust diseases in CIMMYT spring wheats.
Euphytica,
179, 175–186.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-010-0322-9
Singh, R.P., Huerta-Espino, J., & William, H.M. (2005). Genetics and breeding for durable resistance to leaf and stripe rusts in wheat. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 29, 121–127.
Singh, R.P., Hodson, D.P., Jin, Y., Lagudah, E.S., Ayliffe, M.A. Bhavani, S., Rouse, M.N., Pretorius, Z.A., Szabo, L.J., Huerta-Espino, J., & Basnet, B.R. (2015). Emergence and spread of new races of wheat stem rust fungus: Continued threat to food security and prospects of genetic control. Phytopathology, 105, 872–84. DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-01-15-0030-FI.
Srinivas, K., Singh, V.K., Srinivas, B., Sameriya, K.K., Kumar, U., Gangwar, O.P., Kumar, S., Prasad, L., & Singh, G.P. (2023). Documentation of multi-pathotype durable resistance in exotic wheat genotypes to deadly stripe and leaf rust diseases.
Cereal Research Communications,
52, 189–201.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-023-00362-w
Stakman, E.C., Stewart, D.M. & Loegering, W.Q. (1962). Identification of Physiologic Races of Puccinia graminis tritici. USDA-ARS Bulletin E617.
Stubbs, R.W., Prescott, J.M., Saari, E.E. & Dubin, H.J. (1986). Cereal Disease Methodology Manual. Mexico, D.F.: CIMMYT.
© 2026 by the authors. Licensee SCU, Ahvaz, Iran. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0 license) (
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
