The efficiency of chemical fungicides in the improvement of seed quality and control of Alternaria leaf spot disease of coriander

Document Type : Research paper-Persian

Authors

1 Assistant Professor, Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

2 Professor, Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran

Abstract

Background and Objective
Alternaria leaf spot disease, with the common agent of Alternaria alternata, is one of the most important seed-borne diseases of coriander. The present study aimed to identify seed-borne fungi isolated from native coriander seed populations based on morphological and molecular characteristics. In addition, the efficiency and effectiveness of seed treatment with chemical fungicides on vigor and germination indices, as well as the control of seed-borne diseases were evaluated.
Materials and Methods
In order to identify the seed-borne fungi of coriander, seed populations from the fields in South Khorasan, Alborz, Markazi, Qazvin, and Hamedan provinces of Iran were sampled according to the International Rules for Seed Testing. After isolation and purification, fungal isolates were identified and confirmed based on morphological characteristics and species-specific primers. Furthermore, the level of pathogenicity and the aggressiveness of isolates were assessed by pathogenicity test on seedlings. The effectiveness of seed treatment with Iprodione-Carbendazim (Rovral-TS®) and Mancozeb (Dithane M-45®) fungicides on germination and vigor indices, as well as the rate of disease progression were investigated.
Results
A total of eight isolates of Alternaria alternata were identified based on morphological and molecular characteristics. The germination and vigor indices varied among seed populations and it seemed that a part of the observed differences was due to infection by seed-borne fungi. The results of the pathogenicity test showed that approximately 62.5% of the isolates were pathogenic and 37.5% were non-pathogenic. Diverse levels of pathogenicity and aggressiveness were observed for various isolates of A. alternata. Seed treatment with chemical fungicides had a significant influence on germination and vigor indices. Fungicides did not completely control the seed-borne Alternaria leaf spot disease of coriander.
Discussion
The findings of the current research demonstrated that the effective inhibitory concentrations of chemical fungicides varied based on the pathogenicity of distinct isolates of A. alternata. Disinfection of seeds with Iprodione-Carbendazim fungicide caused a lower disease index of A. alternata on coriander seedlings, compared to Mancozeb. In conclusion, the cultivation of Nahavand seed population out of all the evaluated coriander populations and the disinfection of seeds with Iprodione-Carbendazim fungicide before sowing in all areas suitable for the cultivation of this product are recommended.

Keywords

References

Abbasian, A. 2019. Seed lot and seed sampling guideline. Ministry of Jihad-e-Agriculture, Agricultural Research, Seed and Plant Certification and Registration Research Institute, Technical Publication Series, 20 pp (In Farsi with English Abstract).
Abd-El-Khair, H., and El-Gamal Nadia, G. 2011. Effects of aqueous extracts of some plant species against Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani in Phaseolus vulgaris plants. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 44: 1-16.
Anonymous. 2017. International Seed Testing Association (ISTA); International Rules for Seed Testing. Proceedings of the international seed testing association. In Bassersdorf. Switzerland: Seed Science and Technology. 333 pp.
Anonymous. 1987. POLO-PC. A user’s guide to probit or logit analysis. LeOra Software, Berkeley CA.
Bart, P.H., and Thomma, J. 2003. Alternaria spp. from saprophyte to parasite. Molecular Plant Pathology, 4: 225-236.
Dwivedi, M., Agrawal, K., and Agrawal, M. 2006. Fungi associated with coriander seeds grown in Rajasthan and their phytopathological effects. Journal of Phytological Research, 19: 125-129.
El-Houssaini, H.H., Elnabawy, O.M., Nasser, H.A., Elkhatib, W.F. 2019. Correlation between antifungal resistance and virulence factors in Candida albicans recovered from vaginal specimens. Microbial Pathogenesis, 128: 13-19.
Fatima, S., and Khot, Y.C. 2015. Studies on fungal population of cumin (Nigella sativa L.) from different parts of Marathwada. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 2: 25-31.
Figueiredo-Carvalho, M.H.G., Ramos, L.S., Barbedo, L.S., de Oliveira, J.C.A., Dos Santos, A.L.S., Almeida-Paes, R., and Zancopé-Oliveira, R.M. 2017. Relationship between the antifungal susceptibility profile and the production of virulence-related hydrolytic enzymes in Brazilian clinical strains of Candida glabrata. Mediators of Inflammation, https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8952878
Islam, S.S., Rahman, M.H., Hasan, M.J., Ashadusjaman, M., and Khatun, M.M. 2007. Efficacy of fungicidal seed treatment in controlling Alternaria spp. in radish seed. International Journal of Sustainable Crop Production, 2: 46-50.
Kgatle, M., Flett, B., Truter, M., and Aveling, T. 2020. Control of Alternaria leaf blight caused by Alternaria alternata on sunflower using fungicides and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Crop Protection, 132: 1-7.
Khaledi, N., Dehshiri, A., and Hassani, F. 2021. Effect of seed-borne fungi on seed health of native populations of Iranian cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.). Indian Phytopathology, 74: 1-10.
Khaledi, N., and Hassani, F. 2021. Effect of seed-borne Fusarium species on constituents of essential oils from seeds of black cumin populations. Journal of Plant Protection Research, 61: 1-14.
Khanzada, K.A., Rajput, M.A., Shah, G.S., Lodhi, A.M., and Mehboob, F. 2002. Effect of seed dressing fungicides for the control of seedborne mycoflora of wheat. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 1: 441-444.
Khare, M.N., Tiwari, S.P., and Sharma, Y.K. 2014. Disease problems in fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) cultivation and their management for production of quality pathogen free seeds. International Journal of Seed Spices, 4: 11-17.
Khare, M.N., Tiwari, S.P., and Sharma, Y.K. 2017. Disease problems in the cultivation of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) and their management leading to production of high quality pathogen free seed. International Journal of Seed Spices, 7: 1-7.
Kim, E., Lee, H.M. and Kim, Y.H. 2017. Morphogenetic alterations of Alternaria alternata exposed to dicarboximide fungicide, iprodione. Plant Pathology Journal, 33: 95-100.
Kordalewska, M., Brillowska-Dąbrowska, A., Jagielski, T., and Dworecka-Kaszak, B. 2015. PCR and real-time PCR assays to detect fungi of Alternaria alternata species. Acta Biochimica Polonica, 62: 707-712.
Mafakheri, S., and Aminian Dehkordi, R. 2019. The response of Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) herbs to some nutritional treatments. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 35: 834-845.
Mahendra, P., Solanki, V.A., Nathawat, B.D.S., and Jagdish, P. 2014. Antifungal efficacy of bio-agents, botanicals and fungicides for inhibition of Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler causing Black point of Wheat. Annals of Plant Protection Sciences, 22: 358-362.
Mangwende, E., Kritzinger, Q., Truter, M., and Aveling, T.A.S. 2018. Alternaria alternata: A new seed-transmitted disease of coriander in South Africa. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 152: 409-416.
Mehdi Khan, M.M., Habib, A., Abdullah, A., Manzoor, A., Tahir, Z., Zahid, K., Shabbir, A., Latif, S., and Saqib Mushtaq M. 2019. Seed associated mycoflora of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) its effect on seed germination and management through seed treatment chemical. International Journal of Biological Research, 2: 101-117.
Müller, M.E.H., Steier, I., Köppen, R., Siegel, D., Proske, M., Korn, U., and Koch, M. 2012. Cocultivation of phytopathogenic Fusarium and Alternaria strains affects fungal growth and mycotoxin production. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 113: 874-887.
Nasr Esfahani, M. 2015. Efficacy of iminoctadine tris (WP 40%) Fungicide against Potato Early Blight Disease, Alternaria solani (Fr.) Keissler and A. alternata Sorauer. Pesticides in Plan Protection Sciences, 2: 31-43. (In Farsi with English Abstract)
Pant, R. 2011. Seed mycoflora of coriander and effect of some fungal metabolite on seed germination and seedling growth. Asian Journal of Experimental Biological Sciences, 2: 1.127-130.
Pereira, R.S., Muniz, M.F.B., and Nascimento, W.M. 2005. Aspects related to coriander seed quality. Horticultura Brasileira, 23: 703-706.
Petit, A.N., Fontaine, F., Vatsa, P., Clément, C., and Vaillant-Gaveau, N. 2012. Fungicide impacts on photosynthesis in crop plants. Photosynthesis Research, 111: 315-326.
Plodpai, P., Chuenchitt, S., Petcharat, V., Chakthong, S., and Voravuthikunchai, S.P. 2013. Anti-Rhizoctonia solani activity by Desmos chinensis extracts and its mechanism of action. Crop Protection, 43: 65-71.
Ramezani, Y., Taheri, P., and Mamarabadi, M. 2019. Identification of Alternaria spp. associated with tomato early blight in Iran and investigating some of their virulence factors. Journal of Plant Pathology, 101: 647-659.
Sacristan, S., and García-Arenal, F. 2008. The evolution of virulence and pathogenicity in plant pathogen populations. Molecular Plant Pathology, 9: 369-384.
Samota, R.K., and Singh, S.D. 2006. Pathogenic potential of seed mycoflora of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, 36: 62-63.
Sharma, Y.K., Choudappa, P.C., and Anwer, M.M. 2013. Efficacy of fungicides for the management of Alternaria blight of cumin. International Journal of Seed Spices, 3: 48-49.
Shi, Y.X., Wang, Y.Y., Wang, H.J., Chai, A.L., and Li, B.J. 2016. First report of Alternaria alternata causing leaf spot of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) in China. Plant Disease, 100: 2173-2173.
Simmons, E.G. 2007. Alternaria: an identification manual. CBS, Utrecht, 775 pp.
Singh, P., Mor, V.S., Kumar, S., and Bhuker, A. 2017. Correlation and regression analysis of viability and vigour parameters in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, 20: 1-8.
Soomro, T.A., Ismail, M., Anwar, S.A., Memon, R.M., and Nizamani, Z.A. 2020. Effect of Alternaria sp. on seed germination in rapeseed, and its control with seed treatment. Journal of Cereals and Oilseeds, 11: 1-6.
Sumanth, G.T., Waghmare, B.M., and Shinde, S.R. 2010. Incidence of mycoflora from the seeds of Indian main spices. African Journal of. Agricultural Research, 5: 3122-3125.
Taheri, P. 2019. Disease resistance and virulence screen in Solanum tuberosum-Alternaria tenuissima interaction: the role of pathogenicity factors. Euphytica, 215: 1-10.
Turner, R.E., Ebelhar, M.W., Wilkerson, T., Bellaloui, N., Golden, B.R., Irby, J.T., and Martin, S. 2020. Effects of purple seed stain on seed quality and composition in soybean. Plants, 9: 1-10.
  © 2021 by the authors. Licensee SCU, Ahvaz, Iran. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0 license) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).
Plant Protection (Scientific Journal of Agriculture)
Volume 44, Issue 3
September 2021
Pages 119-133

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics