Plant Protection (Scientific Journal of Agriculture)

Plant Protection (Scientific Journal of Agriculture)

Assessment of partial resistance in commercial barley cultivars and promising lines against barley stripe rust

Document Type : Research paper-English

Authors
S. Safavi 1
M. Yassaie 2
1 Associate Professor, Seed and Plant Improvement and Breeding Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Ardabil, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Fars Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Zarghan, Iran
10.22055/ppr.2025.48938.1790
Abstract
Barley stripe (yellow) rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei, is one of the most important barley diseases in some regions of the world that threatens barley production. Host resistance is the most economical and safe approach to manage stripe rust. In this study, the partial (slow rusting) resistance parameters including coefficient of infection (CI), final rust severity (FRS), and relative area under the disease progress curve (rAUDPC) were evaluated for 70 barley genotypes (27 cultivars, 43 candidate lines) along with a susceptible control during two consecutive cropping years from 2022-2023 to 2023-2024. This study was conducted at two Agricultural Research Stations (Ardabil and Zarqhan) under field conditions with artificial inoculation. The results of the evaluations for resistance parameters showed that the cultivars Nosrat, Rihan 3 and candidate lines C-98-13, C-99-5, C-99-6 and M-99-3 along with the susceptible cultivar (Afzal) had the highest FRS, CI, and rAUDPC values, and therefore were grouped as susceptible genotypes. Twenty- four (34.3%) out of 70 genotypes had low values of different parameters and, so categorized as group having high level of partial resistance. Fourteen (20%) genotypes having moderate values of CI (21-40), were classified as group with moderate level of partial resistance. The rest cultivars and candidate lines with high values of FRS, CI, and rAUDPC were grouped as genotypes having low level of partial resistance. Cluster analysis based on the different parameters at the adult plant stage classified cultivars and candidate lines in different groups, which also indicated the high diversity among genotypes in terms of response to barley stripe rust disease. Genotypes with high and moderate levels of partial resistance are likely to have varying degrees of durable or non-race-specific resistance that can be used in cultivar introduction or in barley breeding programs.
Keywords
Barley
Yellow rust
Durable resistance
Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei
Cluster analysis
Subjects
References
Alemu, S. K., Huluka, A. B., Geletu, K. T., & Uauy, C. (2020). Genome-wide association mapping identifies stripe rust resistance locus in Ethiopian durum wheat germplasm. PLoS ONE, 16 (5), e0243675.
Ali, S., Shah, S. J. A., Khalil, I. H., Rahman, H., Maqbool, K., & Ullah, W. (2009). Partial resistance to stripe rust in introduced winter wheat germplasm at the north of Pakistan. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 3, 37-43.
Ali, S., Shah, S. J., & Ibrahim, M. (2007). Assessment of wheat breeding lines for slow stripe rusting (Puccinia striiformis West. tritici). Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 10 (19), 3440–3444. https:// doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2007.3440.3444
Bahl, P. N., & Bakshi, J. S. (1963). Genetics of rust resistance in barley- II. The inheritance of seedling resistance to four pathotypes of stripe rust. Indian Journal of Genetics & Plant Breeding, 23, 150–154.
Broers, L. H. M., Cuesta-Subias, X., & Lopez-Atilano, R. M. (1996). Field assessment of quantitative resistance to stripe rust in ten spring bread wheat cultivars. Euphytica, 90, 9-16.
Brown, W. M. J., Hill, J. P., & Velasco, V. R. (2001a). Barley stripe rust in North America. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 39, 367-384.
Brown, W. M., Hill, J. P.,  & Velasco, V.R. (2001b). Identification of barley rust resistance in the Americas: A case study of successful international cooperation. Abstracts of First Regional Stripe Rust Conference for Central & West Asia and North Africa. 8- 14 May 2001, Karaj, Iran. Pages 8-9.
Bux, H., Rasheed, A., Siyal, M. A., Kazi, A. G., Napar, A. A., & Mujeeb- Kazi, A. (2012). An overview of stripe rust of wheat (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) in Pakistan. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 45, 2278–2289. https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.
Campbell, C. L. (1998). Disease progress in time: Modeling and data analysis. In D. G. Jones (Ed.), The epidemiology of plant diseases (pp. 181–206). Springer.
Capettini, F. (2005). Barley in Latin America. In: S. Grando & H. G. Macpherson (Eds.), Food barley: Importance, uses and local knowledge(x+156 pp). Proceedings of the international workshop on food barley improvement, 14-17 January 2002. Hammamet, Tunisia: ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria, En.
Chen, X. M. (2007). Challenges and solutions for stripe rust control in the United States. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 58, 648–655.
Chen, X. M. (2008). Pathotypes of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei in the United States from 2004 to 2007. Barley Newsletter, 51: WABNL51.
Chen, X. M., & Kang, Z. S. (2017). Stripe Rust. Dordrecht: Springer. 719 PP.
Chen, X. M., Line, R. F., & Leung, H. (1995). Virulence and polymorphic DNA relationships of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei to other rusts. Phytopathology, 85: 1335-1342.
Cheng, P., Chen, X. M., & See, D. (2016). Grass hosts harbor more diverse isolates of Puccinia striiformis than cereal crops. Phytopathology, 106, 362–71.
Dawana, D., Dessie, B., Kebede, M., & Shimelash, D. (2024). Pathogenicity of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and quantitative traits on bread wheat landraces in Ethiopia. Crop Science, 64(2), 651-666. https://doi.org/10.1002/csc2.21187.
Dehghani, H., & Moghaddam, M. (2004). Genetic analysis of the latent period of stripe rust in wheat seedlings. Journal of Phytopathology, 122, 325-330. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2004.00848.x
Dracatos, P. M., Khatkar, M. S., Singh, D., Stefanato, F., Park, R. F., & Boyd, L. A. (2016). Resistance in Australian barley (Hordeum vulgare) germplasm to the exotic pathogen Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei, the causal agent of stripe rust. Plant Pathology, 65, 734–743.
Dubin, H. J., & Stubbs, R. W. (1986). Epidemic spread of barley stripe rust in South America. Plant Disease, 70, 141-144.
Esfandiari, E. (1947). Les rouilles de cereales en Iran [Cereal rusts in Iran]. Applied Entomology & Phytopathology, 4, 67–76.
Esvelt Klos, K., Gordon, T., Bregitzer, P., Hays, P., Chen, X. M., del Blanco, I. A., & Bonman, J. M. (2016). Barley stripe rust resistance QTL: Development and validation of SNP markers for resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei. Phytopathology, 106, 1344–1351.
Golegaonkar, P. G., Singh, D., & Park, R. F. (2009). Evaluation of seedling and adult plant resistance to Puccinia hordei in barley. Euphytica, 166 (2), 83–197.
Gyawali, S., Verma, R.P.S., Kumar, S., Bhardwaj, S.C., Gangwar, O.P., Selvakumar, R., Shekhawat, P.S., Rehman, S., & Sharma-Poudyal, D. (2018). Seedling and adult plant stage resistance of a world collection of barley genotypes to stripe rust. Journal of Phytopathology, 166 (1): 18-27. https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.12655.
Hei, N., Shimelis, H. A., Laing, M., & Admassu, B. (2015). Assessment of Ethiopian wheat lines for slow rusting resistance to stem rust of wheat caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. Journal of Phytopathology,163, 353–363.
Hovmøller, M. S., Walter, S., Bayles, R. A., Hubbard, A., Flath, K., Sommerfeldt, N., Leconte, M., Czembor, P., Rodriguez-Algaba, J., Thach, T., & Hansen, J. G. (2016). Replacement of the European wheat stripe rust population by new pathotypes from the centre of diversity in the near-Himalayan region. Plant Pathology, 65(3), 402–411. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12433.
Huerta-Espino, J., Singh, R., Crespo-Herrera, L.A., Villaseñor-Mir, H.E, Rodriguez-Garcia, M.F., Dreisigacker, S., Barcenas-Santana, D., & Lagudah, E. (2020). Adult plant slow rusting genes confer high levels of resistance to rusts in bread wheat cultivars from Mexico. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11, 824.
Jeger, M. J., & Viljanen-Rollinson, S. L. H. (2001). The use of the area under the disease-progress curve (AUDPC) to assess quantitative disease resistance in crop cultivars. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 102 (1), 32–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s001220051615.
Johnson, R. (1988). Durable resistance to stripe (stripe) rust in wheat and its implications in plant breeding. In: Simmonds, N. W. and Rajaram, S. (eds.) Breeding strategies for resistance to the rusts of wheat, p. 63-75. Mexico, D. F. CIMMYT.
Johnston, P. A., Niks, R. E., Meiyalaghan, V., Blanchet, E. & Pickering, R. (2013). Rph22: mapping of a novel leaf rust resistance gene introgressed from the non-host Hordeum bulbosum L. into cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Theoretical and Applied Genetics. 126 (6), 1613-25. doi: 10.1007/s00122-013-2078-9.
Kilpatrick, R. A. (1975). New cultivars and longevity of rust resistance, 1971-1975. U.S Agricultural Research Service, ARS-NE 64, 20 pp.
Kumar V., Shekhawat P. S., Vishwakarma S. R., Bharadwaj S. C., Kumar S., Kharub A. S., & Singh G. P. (2020). Identification of resistant sources against spot blotch and stripe rust of barley. Journal of Cereal Research, 12 (1), 50-54. DOI: 10.25174/2582-2675/2020/88973.
Lei, Y., Wang, M. N., Wan, A. M., Xia C. J., See, D. R., Zhang, M., & Chen, X. M. (2016). Virulence and molecular characterization of experimental isolates of the stripe rust pathogen (Puccinia striiformis) indicate somatic recombination. Phytopathology, 107, 329–44.
Line, R. F. (2002). Stripe rust of wheat and barley in North America: A retrospective historical review. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 40, 75-118.
Luthra, J. K., & Chopra, V. L. (1990). Genetics of stripe rust resistance in barley. Indian Journal of Genetics, 50, 390–395.
Mathur, A. K., & Siradhana, B. S. (1990). Screening of indigenous and exotic barley germplasm against indian pathotypes of stripe rust. Indian Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology, 20, 182.
Milus, E. A., & Line, R. F. (1986). Gene action for inheritance of durable, high– temperature, adult plant resistances to stripe rust in wheat. Phytopathology, 76, 435-441.
Nevo E. (2013). Evolution of wild barley and barley improvement. Advance in barley sciences. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Barley Genetics Symposium, Zhang G., Li C., and Liu X. (Eds), Dordrecht: Zhejiang University Press and Springer Science C Business Media, 1-23.
Newman, C. W., & Newman, R. K. (2006). A brief history of barley foods. Cereal Food World, 51 (1), 4–7.
Omrani, A., Afshari, F., Shahbazi, F. & Kabiri, A. (2024). Investigating the reaction of resistance to stripe rust disease (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) in commercial cultivars and promising wheat lines (candidate to be introduced as a commercial cultivar). Plant Protection (Scientific Journal of Agriculture), 47(3), 79-97. https://doi.org/ 10.22055/ppr.2024.48221.1769.
Park, R. F. (2008). Breeding cereals for rust resistance in Australia. Plant Pathology, 57, 591–602.
Parlevliet, J. E. (1988). Strategies for the utilization to partial resistance for the control of cereal rust. In N. W. Simmonds, & S. RaJaram (Eds.), Breeding strategies for resistance to the rusts of wheat (pp. 48–62). CIMMYT.
Parlevliet, J. E. (1997). Durable resistance. In H. Hartleb, R. Heitefuss, & H. H. Hoppe (Eds.), Resistance of crop plants against fungi (pp. 238–253). Gustav Fisher.
Pathan, A. K. & Park, R. F. (2006). Evaluation of seedling and adult plant resistance to leaf rust in European wheat cultivars. Euphytica, 149, 327-342.
Peterson, R. F., Campbell, A. B. & Hannah, A. E. (1948). A diagrammatic scale for estimating rust intensity of leaves and stems of cereals. Canadian Journal of Research, 26, 496-500.
Rodríguez-García M. F., González-González M., Huerta- Espino J., & Solano-Hernández S. (2021). Fungicides evaluation against stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei) in six barley cultivars. Revista Mexicana De Fitopatología, 39 (3), 414-434. DOI: https://doi. org/10.18781/r.mex.fit.2106-5.
Roelfs, A. P., Singh, R. P. & Saari, E. E. (1992). Rust diseases of wheat: Concepts and Methods of Diseases Management. Mexico, CIMMYT. 81pp.
Safavi, S. A. & Afshari, F. (2017). A seven-year assessment of resistance durability to stripe rust in some wheat cultivars in Ardabil province, Iran. Journal of Crop Protection, 6 (3), 409-421.
Safavi, S. A., & Afshari, F. (2012). Quantitative resistance of some Elite wheat lines to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici. Archives of Phytopathology & Plant Protection, 45, 740-749.
Safavi, S. A., & Malihipour , A. (2020). Partial resistance of some wheat cultivars and candidate lines against stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici). Plant Protection (Scientific Journal of Agriculture),43(1), 31-52.
Safavi, S. A., Afshari, F., Arzanlou, M. & Narmani, A. (2017). First report of hybridization between two Formae Speciales Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei and Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in Iran. Journal of Plant Pathology, 99 (3), 800-800.
Safavi, S. A., Babai Ahari, A., Afshari, F. & Arzanlou, M. (2014). Virulence genes and pathotypes of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei, causing stripe rust on barley in some areas of Iran. Seed and Plant Improvement Journal, 30, 733-760.
Safavi, S. A., Babai-Ahari, A., Afshari, F. & Arzanlou, M. (2013). Slow rusting resistance in Iranian barley cultivars to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei. Journal of Plant Protection Research, 53, 5-11. https://doi. org/10.2478/jppr-2013-0001.
Safavi, S. A., Babai-Ahari, A., Afshari, F., & Arzanlou, M. (2012). Effect of stripe rust on yield components of barley cultivars with race-specific and slow rusting resistance to stripe rust. Archives of Phytopathology & Plant Protection, 45, 1488–1498.
Sandhu, K. S., Forrest, K. L., Kong, S., Bansal, U. K., Singh, D., Hayden, M. J., & Park, R. F. (2012). Inheritance and molecular mapping of a gene conferring seedling resistance against Puccinia hordei in the barley culti-var Ricardo. Theoretical & Applied Genetics, 125 (7), 1403–1411. 
Sandoval-Islas, J. S., Broers, L. H. M., Vivar, H., & Osada, K. S. (1998). Evaluation of quantitative resistance to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei) in the ICARDA/CIMMYT barley breeding programe. Plant Breeding, 117, 127-130.
Sandoval-Islas, J. S., Broers, L.H.M., Mora-Aguilera, G., Parlevliet, J.E., Osada, K.S., & Vivar, H. E. (2007). Quatitative resistance and its components in 16 barley cultivars to stripe rust, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei. Euphytica, 153, 295-308.
Shah, S. J. A., Hussain, S., Ahmad, M., Farhatullah, M. & Ibrahim, M. (2014). Characterization of Slow Rusting Resistance against Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in Candidate and Released Bread Wheat Cultivars of Pakistan. Journal of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, 5, 223. https://doi:10.4172/2157-7471.1000223
Singh, D., Dracatos,P., Derevnina,L., Zhou, M., & Park, R. F. (2015). Rph23: A new designated additive adult plant resistance gene to leaf rust in barley on chromosome 7H. Plant Breeding, 134, 62–69.
Singh, R. P., Huerta-Espino, J., & William, H. M. (2005). Genetics and breeding for durable resistance to leaf and stripe rusts in wheat. Turkish Journal of Agriculture & Forestry, 29 (2), 121-127.
Singh, R. P., Huerta-Espino, J., Bhavani, S., Herrera-Foessel S. A., Singh D., Singh, P. K., Velu, G., Mason, R. E., Jin, Y., Njau, P., & Crossa, J. (2011). Race non-specific resistance to rust diseases in CIMMYT spring wheats. Euphytica, 179, 175–186.
Srinivas, K., Singh, V. K., Srinivas, B., Sameriya, K. K., Kumar, U., Gangwar, O. P., Kumar, S., Prasad, L. & Singh, G. P. (2023). Documentation of multi‑pathotype durable resistance in exotic wheat genotypes to deadly stripe and leaf rust diseases. Cereal Research Communications, 52 (1), 189-201.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s42976-023-00364-8.
Stubbs, R. W. (1986). Stripe rust. In A. P. Roelfs, & W. R. Bushnell (Eds.), The cereal rusts II: Diseases, distribution, epidemiology and control (pp. 61–101). Academic Press, Inc.
Stubbs, R. W., Prescott, J. M., Saari, E. E. & Dubin, H. J. (1986). Cereal Disease Methodology Manual. CIMMYT: Mexico, D. F. 46pp.
Verma, R., Selvakumar, R., Gangwar, O. P., Shekhawat, P. S., Bhardwaj, S. C., Rehman, S. U., Sharma-Poudyal, D., & Gyawali, S. (2018). Identification of additional sources of resistance to Puccinia striiformis f. sp. hordei (PSH) in a collection of barley genotypes adapted to the high input condition. Journal of Phytopathology, 166(5), 355–364. https://doi.org/10.1111/JPH.12693.
Zahravi, M., Safavi, S. A. & Ghazvini, H. (2023). Identification of sources of resistance to stripe rust in barley landpathotypes of the northwest regions of Iran. Iranian journal of genetics and plant breeding, 10(2), 13-23.
Zakeri, A., Afshari, F., Yassaie, M., Ghazvini, H., Hassani, F., Safavi, S. A., & Minoo, M. J. (2018). Race identification and responses of some barley genotypes to barley stripe rust in seedling and adult plant stages. Crop Breeding Journal, 8(1 & 2), 31-47.
 © 2025 by the authors. Licensee SCU, Ahvaz, Iran. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0 license) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
 
Plant Protection (Scientific Journal of Agriculture)
Volume 48, Issue 2
Spring 2025
Pages 13-33