گیاه پزشکی

گیاه پزشکی

اسانس های گیاهی به عنوان جایگزین طبیعی برای کنترل بیماری های باکتریایی در کشت قارچ خوراکی

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی -انگلیسی

نویسندگان
1 کارشناسی ارشد بیماری شناسی گیاهی،گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران
2 استادیار،گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران
3 دانشیار، گروه باعبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران
4 استادیار، گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران
چکیده
در میان قارچ‌های کشت‌شده، قارچ تکمه‌ای سفید به‌طور گسترده در سراسر جهان کشت می‌شود. این محصول تحت تاثیر بیماری‌های باکتریایی مختلفی قرار می‌گیرد. در این پژوهش، تأثیر اسانس‌های استخراج‌شده از گیاهان دارویی بر رشد باکتری‌های بیماری‌زای قارچ خوراکی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نمونه‌های گیاهی شامل ریحان آفریقایی (Ocimum gratissimum)، مرزه خوزستانی (Satureja khuzistanica)، شیشه شور (Callistemon citrinus)، ریحان کلیمانجاروم (Ocimum kilimandscharicum)، مورد (Myrtus communis)، اُکالیپتوس (Eucalyptus camaldulensis) و لعل کوهستان (Oliveria decumbens)، از مناطق مختلف جمع‌آوری شد و ترکیبات شیمیایی اسانس‌ها با استفاده از دستگاه کروماتوگرافی گازی متصل به طیف‌سنج جرمی (GC-MS) شناسایی شد.  آزمون‌های اثر ضدباکتریایی اسانس‌ها با روش نشت در دیسک بر روی باکتری‌های بیماری‌زا نظیر Pseudomonas tolaasii، Ewingella americana، Pseudomonas reactans و Mycetocola sp.، انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که اسانس ریحان آفریقایی (O. gratissimum) بیشترین تأثیر را بر باکتری P. tolaasii  با قطر هاله 66/23 میلی‌متر نشان داد. همچنین، اسانس مرزه خوزستانی (S. khuzistanica) با قطر هاله 33/26 میلی‌متر مؤثرترین اثر را بر سویه دیگری از این باکتری داشت. در آزمون بیماری‌زایی قارچ خوراکی، نتایج نشان داد که مرزه خوزستانی و ریحان کلیمانجاروم در کنترل علائم مؤثرتر بودند. علاوه بر این، آزمایش‌های حداقل غلظت بازدارندگی (MIC) و کشندگی (MBC) نشان داد که اسانس مرزه خوزستانی به‌ترتیب 97/0 و 95/1 میکرولیتر بر میلی‌لیتر، بیشترین تأثیر را بر باکتری P. tolaasii داشت. به‌طور کلی، نتایج این مطالعه نشان‌ می دهد گه اسانس ها می‌تواند به‌عنوان جایگزینی طبیعی و ایمن برای کنترل بیماری‌های باکتریایی در صنعت تولید قارچ خوراکی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Essential Oils as Natural Alternatives for Controlling Bacterial Diseases in Agaricus bisporus Cultivation

نویسندگان English

A. Baramiri Rad 1
M. Aeini 2
M. Mahmoodi Sorestani 3
H. Mirzaei Najafgholi 4
1 M.Sc. in Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Lorestan University, Khorram Abbad, Iran
چکیده English

The increasing resistance of bacterial pathogens to chemical treatments in agriculture highlights the need for natural alternatives. This study evaluates the antibacterial properties of essential oils (EOs) from six medicinal plants: Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Oliveria decumbens, Callistemon citrinus, Myrtus communis, Satureja khuzistanica, and Ocimum gratissimum, against key bacterial pathogens of Agaricus bisporus, including Pseudomonas tolaasii, Pseudomonas reactans, Ewingella americana, and Mycetocola sp. EOs were extracted via hydrodistillation and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Antibacterial activity was tested using the disk diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays. Results showed significant antibacterial effects, especially for S. khuzistanica and O. gratissimum, which exhibited the highest inhibition zones (26.33 and 24.66 mm) and the lowest MIC (0.97 and 1.90 µL/mL) and MBC (1.95 and 3.50 µL/mL) values against P. tolaasii. GC-MS analysis identified bioactive compounds like thymol, carvacrol, and eugenol, known for their antimicrobial properties. Disease severity test on mushroom caps confirmed that EOs of S. khuzistanica and O. gratissimum significantly reduced bacterial infection symptoms. These findings suggest that EOs, particularly those from S. khuzistanica and O. gratissimum, could be sustainable, eco-friendly alternatives for managing bacterial diseases in mushroom cultivation. Further research is necessary to optimize application methods, assess long-term stability, and evaluate potential impacts on mushroom growth and quality.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration
antibacterial activity
plant pathogens
GC-MS
sustainable agriculture
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