گیاه پزشکی

گیاه پزشکی

فعالیت حشره‌کشی آزادیراختین علیه شب‌پره هندی (Plodia interpunctella) و اثر آن روی شاخص‌های تغذیه‌ای لاروهای تغذیه شده از دانه‌های پنج رقم ذرت

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی -انگلیسی

نویسندگان
زهرا سعیدی 1
معصومه ضیائی 2
مهدی اسفندیاری 2
1 دانشجوی دکترا، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران
2 استاد، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران
10.22055/ppr.2025.50054.1816
چکیده
شب­‌پره­‌ی هندی، Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) یک آفت مخرب است که به فرآورده ­های انباری مختلفی از جمله غلات خسارت وارد می­‌آورد، لذا ارزیابی حساسیت رقم‌­های مختلف میزبان به آن ضروری می­باشد. در این مطالعه، تأثیر تیمار دانه­‌های شکسته شده پنج رقم ذرت (سیمون، والبوم، 703،BK  و BC678) با آزادیراختین (غلظت 4 پی ­پی­ ام ماده موثر) روی تلفات و چند شاخص زیستی لاروهای این آفت ارزیابی شد. بیشترین درصد تلفات روی دانه‌های تیمارشده رقم BK  مشاهده شد که از 22 درصد تجاوز نکرد. وزن لاروها روی رقم 703 بیشترین مقدار و روی دو رقم BK و سیمون کمترین مقدار بود. در مقایسه با شاهد، تیمار دانه­‌ها با آزادیراختین منجر به کاهش وزن لاروها شد که از 85/9 تا 77/10 میلی‌گرم در رقم‌­های مختلف متغیر بود. در تیمار شاهد، لاروهای پرورش یافته روی رقم 703 و پس از آن BC678 و والبوم بیشترین وزن فضولات و وزن شفیره را داشتند که با میانگین ­های دانه‌های تیمار شده با آزادیراختین دارای تفاوت معنی­دار بودند. بیشترین میزان گوارش­‌پذیری تقریبی و نرخ رشد نسبی روی رقم BC678 مشاهده شد، در صورتی­که بیشترین نرخ مصرف نسبی نیز روی رقم‌­های BC678 و 703 ثبت شد. طبق الگوهای تخم‌گذاری، بیشترین تعداد تخم روی رقم 703 و پس از آن BC678 گذاشته شدند. به شکلی قابل توجه، ظهور حشرات کامل طبیعی از لاروهای پرورش یافته روی دانه­‌های ذرت تیمار شده با آزادیراختین به طور قابل توجهی کمتر از تیمار شاهد بود. طبق نتایج تجزیه و تحلیل خوشه‌ای، BC678 و 703 به عنوان رقم‌­های مطلوب برای این شب­‌پره شناسایی شدند، در صورتی­که سیمون و والبوم ویژگی‌های تحمل را نشان دادند که نشان‌دهنده پتانسیل آن­ها برای مدیریت پایدار این آفت است. علاوه بر این، آزادیراختین در مختل کردن کارایی تغذیه و درصد تفریخ تخم این آفت اثربخشی قابل توجهی داشت  که پتانسیل آن را به عنوان یک آفت‌کش زیستی در راهبردهای مدیریت شب­‌پره هندی نشان می­‌دهد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
شاخص‌های تغذیه
رشد
مصرف غذا
شب پره هندی
تلفات
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The insecticidal activity of azadirachtin against the Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella), and its influence on nutritional indices of the larvae fed on the kernels of five maize varieties

نویسندگان English

Z. Saeedi 1
M. Ziaee 2
M. Esfandiari 2
1 PhD candidate, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده English

The Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), is a destructive pest damaging various stored products including cereals; thus, it is necessary to ascertain the susceptibility of different host varieties. This study assessed the effect of treating broken kernels of five maize varieties (Simon, Valbom, 703, BK, and BC678) with azadirachtin (concentration of 4 ppm a.i.) on mortality and nutritional performance of P. interpunctella larvae. The highest mortality percentage was observed on the treated kernels of BK variety which did not exceed 22%. Larval weight was the highest in the 703 variety with the lowest larval weight found in the BK and Simon varieties. Kernel treatments with azadirachtin, compared to the control, resulted in a decline in the larval weight ranging from 9.85 to 10.77 mg in different varieties. In the control group, the larvae reared on 703 followed by BC678 and Valbom had the highest frass and pupal weights, which were significantly different from the means of the azadirachtin-treated kernels. The greatest approximate digestibility and relative growth rate were observed in BC678, while the highest relative consumption rates were recorded in BC678 and 703. According to the oviposition patterns, the highest number of eggs was laid on 703 followed by BC678. Notably, the emergence of normal adults from larvae reared on azadirachtin-treated maize was significantly lower than in controls. Based on the cluster analysis results, BC678 and 703 were identified as the preferred varieties for this moth, while Simon and Valbom revealed tolerance traits, indicating their potential sustainability in this pest management. Further, azadirachtin was significantly effective on disrupting the nutritional efficiency and egg hatching rate of this pest, suggesting its potential as a botanical in P. interpunctella management strategies.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Nutritional indices
Development
Food consumption
Indian meal moth
Mortality
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گیاه پزشکی
دوره 48، شماره 4
زمستان 1404
صفحه 87-102