گیاه پزشکی

گیاه پزشکی

القای مقاومت سیب‌زمینی به نماتد ریشه‌گرهی توسط سولفات منگنز از طریق تنظیم آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی و ترکیبات دیواره سلولی

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی-فارسی

نویسندگان
گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران
چکیده
نماتد ریشه‌گرهی (Meloidogyne incognita) یکی از مهم‌ترین نماتدهای انگل گیاهی است که خسارت زیادی به تولید سیب‌زمینی وارد می‌کند. در این بررسی نقش سولفات منگنز در القای مقاومت سیب‌زمینی در برابر این نماتد در شرایط گلخانه مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. بدین منظور، غده‌های سیب‌زمینی در گلدان کشت شده و غلظت‌های مختلف سولفات منگنز به گیاهچه‌های سیب‌زمینی سه هفته‌ای اسپری‌پاشی شدند. سپس گیاهان با حدود 6000 لارو سن دوم نماتد مایه‌زنی و به مدت 35 روز نگه‌داری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که غلظت 1000 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر سولفات منگنز به طور معنی‌داری سبب کاهش شاخص‌های نماتدی شده و هم‌زمان باعث بهبود رشد گیاه در حد شاهد بدون نماتد گردید. بررسی آزمایشگاهی هم‌چنین نشان داد که غلظت 1000 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر، اثر مستقیم نماتدکشی بر لاروها نداشته و کاهش آلودگی احتمالا به دلیل مقاومت القایی گیاه بوده است. بررسی‌های بیوشیمیایی نشان داد که فعالیت آنزیم‌های پراکسیداز و پلی‌فنل‌اکسیداز به طور معنی‌داری در تیمار نماتد+سولفات منگنز افزایش یافت، در حالی که تغییرات سوپراکسیددیسموتاز و فنیل‌آلانین‌آمونیالیاز معنی‌دار نبود. فعالیت کاتالاز در تیمار منگنز به تنهایی افزایش و در تیمار ترکیبی کاهش نشان داد. محتوای فنل کل و لیگنین در ریشه‌ها افزایش یافت و بالاترین مقدار در تیمار نماتد+سولفات منگنز مشاهده شد. همچنین، تغییرات پراکسید هیدروژن (H₂O₂) نشان داد که تیمار ترکیبی با کاهش معنی‌دار سطح H₂O₂ از آسیب اکسیداتیو جلوگیری کرده و همزمان مسیرهای دفاعی را فعال نموده است. در مجموع، سولفات منگنز از طریق بهبود رشد گیاه، کاهش تکثیر نماتد و القای پاسخ‌های دفاعی شیمیایی و آنزیمی، نقش مؤثری در افزایش مقاومت سیب‌زمینی به نماتد ریشه‌گرهی ایفا نمود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Induction of resistance in potato against root-knot nematode by manganese sulfate through regulation of antioxidant enzymes and cell wall components

نویسندگان English

N. Palashi
E. Mahdikhani-Moghaddam
S. Baghaee ravari
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده English

Background and Objective
Plant-parasitic nematodes represent a major constraint on global crop production, causing substantial yield losses and economic damage each year. Among these, root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are particularly problematic because they induce extensive structural and physiological alterations in root tissues, leading to marked reductions in plant growth and productivity. Although chemical nematicides remain widely used, growing concerns about environmental safety and human health have created an urgent need for environmentally sound, sustainable management strategies. The application of micronutrients as resistance inducers offers a promising alternative, as these compounds can strengthen plant defense responses while supporting overall growth. Manganese (Mn) is an essential micronutrient involved in several physiological and biochemical processes in plants, including photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism, enzyme activation, and antioxidant defense. Previous studies have examined the role of Mn in plant growth and pathogen tolerance; however, the use of manganese sulfate (MS) in the potato–nematode pathosystem has not been reported. This gap constitutes the principal novelty of the present study. This study first evaluated the effects of different MS concentrations on nematode control and plant growth. The most effective concentration was then selected for detailed biochemical analyses to clarify the underlying defense mechanisms induced in potato plants under nematode stress. The results aim to contribute to the development of sustainable strategies for nematode management and improved crop resistance.
Materials and Methods
In this study, three-week-old potato plants received foliar applications of MS at concentrations ranging from 10 to 2000 mg L⁻¹ and were inoculated 24 h later with 6000 second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. incognita. At 35 days post-inoculation, nematode reproduction indices and plant growth parameters were measured. The most effective MS concentration was then selected for biochemical analyses. Defense-related enzyme activities, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), were determined. In addition, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), total phenols, and lignin contents were quantified at 24, 48, and 72 h after infection. All experiments followed a completely randomized design (CRD). Data were analyzed using the least significant difference (LSD) test at P ≤ 0.05.
Results and Discussion
The results for nematode-related parameters showed that MS at 1000 mg L⁻¹ significantly reduced galling, nematode population density, and egg mass production. Plant growth measurements indicated that 1000 mg L⁻¹ produced the greatest improvement compared with nematode-inoculated plants without MS treatment. Laboratory assays further demonstrated that this concentration did not affect juvenile mortality or movement, supporting the hypothesis that MS increases potato resistance to root-knot nematode through induced resistance mechanisms rather than direct toxicity. Biochemical analyses of potato roots following foliar application of 1000 mg L⁻¹ MS and nematode inoculation showed increased POD and PPO activities, along with higher phenolic and lignin contents in the roots. These responses likely contributed to the formation of strengthened physical and chemical barriers that limit nematode penetration and establishment.
Conclusion
This study showed that foliar application of MS, particularly at 1000 mg L⁻¹, significantly reduced the reproductive parameters of M. incognita while improving growth traits of potato plants. Biochemical analyses indicated that MS induced resistance primarily through increased activities of antioxidant enzymes, including POD and PPO, greater accumulation of phenolic compounds and lignin, and regulated levels of H₂O₂. These results support the view that MS promotes host resistance rather than acting through direct nematicidal activity. The novelty of this research lies in establishing a link between manganese nutrition and induced resistance to root-knot nematodes in potato. Nevertheless, the experiments were conducted under controlled conditions, which may restrict direct extrapolation to field environments. Further studies should evaluate the efficacy of MS under field conditions, across different potato cultivars, and in combination with other sustainable management practices. Overall, MS offers a promising and environmentally compatible option for improving potato resistance to root-knot nematodes.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Biochemical analyses
Induced resistance
Nematode reproduction indices
Plant growth parameters
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