گیاه پزشکی

گیاه پزشکی

تاثیر بازدارندگی عصاره خالص و نانوکپسوله شده گیاه گزنه (Urtica dioica) روی بیماری پاخوره گندم ناشی از قارچ Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی -انگلیسی

نویسندگان
1 دانش آموخته دکتری، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران
2 استاد، گروه گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران
3 دانشیار، گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران
چکیده
عصاره گیاه گزنه سبب تحریک رشد گیاهان می‌شود و از گیاهان در مقابل آفات و بیماری‌ها محافظت می‌کند. عصاره اتانلی از برگ گزنه جداسازی و ترکیبات آن بوسیله کروماتوگرافی گازی- طیف سنجی جرمی (GC-MS) شناسایی گردید. عصاره گیاه گزنه در مزوپورهای سیلیکا بارگیری گردید و تاثیرات آن در شرایط آزمایشگاه و گلخانه روی قارچ Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt) عامل بیماری پاخوره گندم مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. همچنین ترکیب خالص و نانوکپسوله شده گیاه گزنه روی فاکتورهای رشدی و جوانه زنی بذر گندم بررسی شد. پانزده ترکیب مختلف از عصاره گزنه با روش GC-MS جداسازی گردید. در شرایط آزمایشگاه دو غلظت 2/1 میلی‌گرم در میلی‌لیتر و 6/0 میلی‌گرم در میلی‌لیتر عصاره خالص و نانوکپسوله شده گزنه به ترتیب موجب جلوگیری از رشد کامل میسیلیوم قارچ پاخوره گندم شدند. تیمار بذر گندم با عصاره خالص و نانوکپسوله شده گزنه بترتیب با 2/1 و 6/0 میلی‌گرم در میلی‌لیتر سبب صد درصد جوانه زنی بذر گندم شدند. همچنین تیمار بذر گندم با عصاره خالص و نانوکپسوله شده گزنه در کمترین غلظت قارچکشی بترتیب سبب کاهش 54/51 و 65/63 درصد شدت بیماری پاخوره گندم در مقایسه با تیمار قارچکش مانکوزب ( 16/69 درصد) شدند. در صورتیکه، تیمار خاک با عصاره خالص و نانوکپسوله شده گزنه سبب کاهش شدت بیماری پاخوره گندم به‌ترتیب به میزان 54/78 و 25/80 درصد گردید. بعلاوه، تاثیرات عصاره گزنه نانوکپسوله شده در خاک روی فاکتورهای رشدی گیاه گندم مثل وزن تر و خشک ریشه بیشتر از عصاره خالص گزنه بود. نتایج نشان داد که پایداری ترکیب نانوکپسوله شده عصاره گزنه در مقایسه با عصاره خالص در خاک از 9 روز به 29 روز افزایش یافت. بنابر این، نانوکپسوله عصاره گیاه گزنه سبب بهبود عملکرد، پایداری عصاره و کنترل رهایش آن در محیط گردید و شدت بیماری پاخوره گندم را در غلظت پایین (6/0 میلی گرم در میلی لیتر) در هر دو روش تیمار خاک و بذر در مقایسه با عصاره خالص (2/1 میلی گرم در میلی لیتر) بیشترکاهش داد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

The control efficiency of Urtica dioica extract loaded in silica nanoparticles against wheat take-all disease caused by Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici

نویسندگان English

M. Sattary 1
J. Amini 2
R. Hallaj 3
1 Ph.D. student, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
3 Associate professor, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
چکیده English

Nettle extract has been recorded as a plant growth stimulator as well as pest and disease inhibitor. The extract of leaves of Urtica dioica (UDE) was extracted using ethanol, with chemical compounds identified via gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis. The UDE was then loaded into mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) as carrier and was tested against Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt), both in vitro and in vivo. The effect of pure extract and the extract loaded in MSNPs (UDE-MSNPs) was assessed on the growth parameters of wheat plants and seed germination. Fifteen different compounds of UDE, constituting approximately 94 % of the extract, were identified by GC-MS. The complete inhibition of Ggt growth in vitro occurred at 1.2 mg/mL of the pure extract, which diminished significantly to 0.6 mg/mL after loading into MSNPs. Seed treatment with the pure UDE (1.2 mg/mL) and UDE-MSNPs (0.6 mg/mL) led to 100% seed germination and in the presence of UDE-MSNPS, the seeds germinated faster. The seed treatment with pure UDE and UDE-MSNPs at MFC reduced the severity of wheat take-all disease up to 51.54 % and 63.65 %, respectively compared with mancozeb fungicide (69.16 %). Meanwhile, biocontrol efficacy on wheat plants in soil method by pure UDE and UDE-MSNPs was 78.54 % and 80.25%, respectively. Further, in inoculated and non-inoculated plants, the influence of the pure and extract-loaded in MSNPs in soil on the fresh and dry weight of the roots was prominent and more noticeable in the case of loaded extract. MSNPs also extended the shelf life of UDE from 9 to 29 days, causing gradual release of the extract into the soil. Thus, MSNPs improved shelf life of extract, controlled delivery, enhanced efficacy, and lowered disease severity of wheat take-all disease at a lower concentration (0.6 mg/mL) in both seed and soil treatments compared with pure forms (1.2 mg/mL).

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Natural plant products
Nettle extract
GC-MS
MFC
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