گیاه پزشکی

گیاه پزشکی

ظهور الگوی جدید از فاکتورهای پرآزاری عامل بیماری زنگ زرد گندم (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici) در منطقه بروجرد و واکنش مقاومت ارقام تجاری مهم گندم

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی -انگلیسی

نویسندگان
فرزاد افشاری 1
علی عمرانی 2
محمود نصرالهی 3
عزت اله نباتی 3
1 بخش تحقیقات غلات، موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.
2 بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل (مغان)، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مغان، ایران
3 بخش تحقیقات علوم زراعی و باغی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان لرستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، بروجرد، ایران
10.22055/ppr.2026.52555.1897
چکیده
زنگ زرد با عاملPuccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici یکی از شایع‌ترین و خسارت‌زاترین بیماری‌های قارچی (انگل اجباری) گندم در جهان از جمله ایران می‌باشد. در صورت فراهم بودن شرایط آب و هوایی برای توسعه فعالیت عامل بیماری و همچنین وجود ارقام حساس در یک منطقه، خسارت جبران ناپذیری به محصول گندم وارد می‌شود. عامل بیماری مذکور شامل جمعیت‌هایی با الگوهای پرآزاری متفاوت است که ممکن است در طول زمان تغییر کنند و دوام مقاومت در گندم را تهدید نمایند. به‌منظور ردیابی و پایش بیماری در منطقه مهم دشت سیلاخور بروجرد (یکی از کانون‌های مهم آلودگی زنگ زرد در کشور) مجموعه 43 تایی ارقام افتراقی مرتبط با خزانه تله زنگ زرد که دارای ژن/های شناخته شده هستند همراه با رقم حساس بولانی و ارقام تجاری مهم گندم کشور در طی دو سال زراعی 1401 و 1402 کشت شدند. در طی هر دو سال بیماری زنگ زرد به شکل طبیعی و به‌‌طور گسترده بر روی رقم حساس بولانی، ارقام تجاری و لاین‌های استاندارد و افتراقی زنگ زرد گندم توسعه یافت که اقدام به یادداشت برداری واکنش مقاومت آن‌ها گردید. نتایج خزانه تله در دشت سیلاخور بروجرد در طی دو سال نشان داد، در سال زراعی 1402 تغییرات الگوی پرآزاری با شدت بالاتر در جمعیت بیمارگر زنگ زرد اتفاق افتاده است. پرآزاری برای گیاهان حامل ژن/های Yr1، Yr3، Yr8،Yr18 و Yr32 تنها در سال زراعی 1402 دیده شد. برای گیاهان حامل ژن/هایYr2 ، Yr6، Yr7، Yr9، Yr17، Yr20، Yr21، Yr26، Yr27، Yr31، YrA و YrSU در هر دو سال آزمایش پرآزاری مشاهده شد که حاکی از غیرموثر بودن ژن‌های فوق می‌باشد. گیاهان حامل ژن‌های مقاومت Yr4، Yr5، Yr10، Yr15، Yr24، YrSD، YrSP، YrND و YrCV در طی دو سال اجرای این تحقیق مقاوم بودند. ارقام تجاری گندم شامل تکتاز، کلاته، تیرگان، راج، امین، ترابی، حیدری، تابان، ثنا، آران، هانا و شبرنگ همگی دارای مقاومت قابل قبول نسبت به جمعیت بیمارگر زنگ زرد در هر دو سال زراعی بودند که به‌عنوان منابع مقاومت، معرفی می‌شوند. به احتمال زیاد ژن‌های مقاومت مؤثر نام برده در ارقام مقاوم به صورت تکی یا ترکیبی وجود دارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
پرآزاری
خزانه تله
ژن‌های مقاومت
Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Emergence of a new virulence pattern in Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici in Borujerd, Iran, and resistance responses of major commercial wheat cultivars

نویسندگان English

F. Afshari 1
A. Omrani 2
M. Nasrollahi 3
E. Nabati 3
1 Cereal Research Department, Seed and Plant Improvement Institute (SPII), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
2 Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Moghan, Iran
3 Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Borujerd, Iran
چکیده English

Stripe rust, or yellow rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, is one of the most widespread and destructive fungal diseases of wheat worldwide, including in Iran. Under favorable climatic conditions and in the presence of susceptible cultivars, the disease can cause severe and irreversible yield losses. The pathogen comprises populations with diverse virulence patterns, which may change over time and threaten the durability of resistance in wheat. To characterize and compare temporal changes in the virulence pattern of the yellow rust population in the important Silakhor Plain of Borujerd, Iran, 43 differential lines from the yellow rust trap nursery carrying known Yr resistance genes, together with the susceptible cultivar Bolani and major commercial wheat cultivars of Iran, were evaluated under field conditions during the 2022 and 2023 growing seasons. In both years, yellow rust developed naturally and extensively on the susceptible Bolani cultivar, the commercial cultivars, and the standard and differential wheat lines, and their resistance responses were recorded. The results of the trap nursery in the Silakhor Plain of Borujerd showed that a marked shift in the virulence pattern of the yellow rust population occurred in the 2023 growing season. In particular, virulence to plants carrying Yr1, Yr3, Yr8, Yr18, and Yr32 was detected only in the second growing season, indicating a substantial change in the virulence spectrum of the local population. Virulence was observed in both seasons on plants carrying the Yr2, Yr6, Yr7, Yr9, Yr17, Yr20, Yr21, Yr26, Yr27, Yr31, YrA, and YrSU genes, indicating that these genes were no longer effective and suggesting the emergence and establishment of new races in the Borujerd region. Plants carrying the resistance genes Yr4, Yr5, Yr10, Yr15, Yr24, YrSD, YrSP, YrND, and YrCV remained resistant throughout the two years of the study. The commercial wheat cultivars Taktaz, Kalateh, Tirgan, Raj, Amin, Torabi, Heydari, Taban, Sana, Aran, Hana, and Shabrang all showed acceptable levels of resistance to the yellow rust population in Silakhor Plain in both growing seasons and are therefore proposed as valuable resistance sources. It is likely that the effective resistance genes in the resistant cultivars are present either singly or in combination.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici
resistance genes
trap nursery
virulence
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 © 2026 by the authors. Licensee SCU, Ahvaz, Iran. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0 license) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
گیاه پزشکی
دوره 49، شماره 2
تابستان 1405
صفحه 137-159