مناسب بودن گرده‌های گیاهی مختلف به تنهایی و در ترکیب با تخم کنه تارتن دولکه‌ای (Tetranychus urticae Koch) برای کنه شکارگر Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی-فارسی

نویسنده

بخش تحقیقات جانورشناسی کشاورزی موسسه تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی کشور

چکیده

در این پژوهش تاثیر رژیم ­های غذایی شامل گرده­ های ذرت، خرما، آفتابگردان، گردو، گرده زنبور عسل و طعمه طبیعی (کنه تارتن دولکه ­ای) در شرایط آزمایشگاهی (دمای 1±27 درجه سلسیوس، دوره روشنایی 16 ساعت روشنایی و 8 ساعت تاریکی و رطوبت 80-70 درصد) بر خصوصیات زیستی کنه شکارگر Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت. درصد تلفات مراحل لاروی و پورگی کنه شکارگر در صورت تغذیه انحصاری از گرده­ های زنبور عسل و آفتابگردان صد در صد بود. طول دوره رشدی مراحل مختلف زیستی کنه شکارگر در صورت تغذیه با گرده­ های گیاهی مختلف با یکدیگر اختلاف معنی­ داری داشت. نسبت جنسی (نر+ماده­/ماده) با تغذیه از گرده خرما (58٪)، کنه تارتن (77٪) و گرده­ های مورد آزمون+ کنه تارتن بیشتر بود. بیشترین نرخ ذاتی افزایش جمعیت در صورت تغذیه از گرده ذرت + کنه تارتن (244/0 بر روز) و گرده خرما + کنه تارتن (225/ 0 بر روز)  بود. طول عمر افراد ماده با تغذیه از گرده خرما + کنه تارتن (12/12 روز) و گرده گردو (15/11 روز) طولانی­ تر از سایر تیمارها بود. طول عمر نر و ماده در صورت تغذیه از گرده طولانی ­تر بود و میزان تخم­گذاری هم در صورت تغذیه از گرده + کنه تارتن بیشتر بود. کنه شکارگر در صورت تغذیه انحصاری از گرده ذرت، گردو و خرما مراحل زیستی را تکمیل کرده و قادر به تخم­گذاری بود. بر اساس یافته­ های این تحقیق، گرده ذرت، خرما و گردو برای پرورش انبوه این کنه شکارگر مناسب بود و کنه شکارگر در صورت تغذیه انحصاری از گرده ­های ذرت، گرده گردو و گرده خرما قادر به زیست بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Suitability of different plant pollens as supplementary food source and natural prey for predatory mite, Neoseiulus barkeri Hughes (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

نویسنده [English]

  • M. Rezaie
Zoology Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives
The predatory mite, Neoseiulus barkeri, is one of the most important biocontrol agents of the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch or other pests. Some of the phytoseiid mites utilize pollen as a food source and develop and reproduce on a pollen diet as well. They require pollen for successful development and reproduction.
Materials and Methods
The predatory mite was collected from cucumber field infested with two-spotted spider mite in Khoramabad in Lorestan province. In this research, the effect of diets such as, maize pollen, walnut pollen, sunflower pollen, date pollen, bee pollen with or without two-spotted spider mite eggs in laboratory conditions (27±1˚C, 16L: 8D photoperiod and 70-80% RH) was compared. The life tables of the predator were constructed based on two- sex life table. The population parameters were estimated based on Chi & Liu’s model, using data of both sexes and the variable developmental rate among individuals.
Results and Discussion
The results showed that total immature mortality when N. barkeri fed on only sunflower pollen or bee pollen was 100%.The developmental times of different stages on tested plant pollen showed significant differences. The progeny sex ratio when fed on date pollen (58%) and spider mite eggs (77%) and tested plant pollen plus spider mite was more female biased. The highest intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) was recorded when N. barkeri fed on corn pollen + spider mite (0.244 day-1) and on date pollen + spider mite (0.225 day-1). The female longevity when fed on date pollen +spider mite egg (12.12 days) and walnut pollen + spider mite egg (11.15 days) were longer than the other treatments. The comparison between predatory mite that fed on pollen only and mites that fed on pollen+spider mite showed that longevity of mites when fed on pollen only was longer, however, the fecundity rate of predatory mite when fed on pollens and spider mite was higher. The predatory mite fed on maize, walnut and date pollens, was able to complete the developmental stages and oviposit. Maize, walnut and date pollens were suitable alternative foods for the mass rearing of this predator.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Neoseiulus barkeri
  • Pollen
  • Intrinsic rate of natural increase
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