تاثیر اقلیم و فعالیت‌های کشاورزی اکوسیستم روی تنوع زیستی سن‌های خانواده Anthocoridae (Hemiptera) در استان هرمزگان (ایران)

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی-فارسی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان

2 دانشیار دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان

3 استاد دانشگاه دالهوزی

چکیده

سن ­های خانواده Anthocoridae از شکارگران مهم بسیاری از آفات کشاورزی در جهان می­ باشند. شرایط اقلیمی و فعالیت­ های کشاورزی ممکن است با تاثیر روی تنوع زیستی دشمنان طبیعی، جمعیت آفات را تغییر دهند. در این مطالعه، فون و تنوع زیستی سن­ های خانواده Anthocoridae در دو اقلیم گرم و نیمه خشک (میناب) و گرم و مرطوب (تازیان) استان هرمزگان مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و تاثیر فعالیت­ های کشاورزی روی تنوع زیستی آن‏ها تعیین شد. نمونه­ برداری از گیاهان مختلف یک ساله و چندساله از اکوسیستم ­های مختلف تحت کشت و بکر انجام گرفت. در این بررسی، پنج گونه از جنس Orius شامل Orius (Dimorphella)albidipennis (Reuter1884)، O.(Dimorphella) maxidentex (Ghauri, 1972)،O. minutus (Linnaeus‚ 1758)، O. laevigatus (Fiber‚ 1860) و O.niger (Wolff, 1811) و سه گونه O. maxidentex و O. minutus به ترتیب از روی گیاهان مختلف در اقلیم تازیان و میناب، جمع­ آوری شد. گونه غالب در اقلیم‌های گرم و مرطوب و  گرم و نیمه‏ خشک به ترتیب O. maxidentex و O. albidipennis بود. مقدار شاخص ­های مختلف تنوع زیستی و یکنواختی در اقلیم گرم و مرطوب به صورت معنی­ داری از اقلیم گرم و نیمه خشک بیش‏تر بود. بیشترین تنوع زیستی سن ‏ها در فصل بهار و کمترین آن در فصل پاییز مشاهده شد. مقدار شاخص یکنواختی جامعه سن ‏ها در فصل‏ های زمستان و بهار به صورت معنی­ داری بیشتر از تابستان و پاییز بود. با این حال، تنوع زیستی سن‏ های این خانواده در اکوسیستم ‏های تحت کشت و بکر اختلاف معنی‏ داری با همدیگر در درون هر اقلیم، نداشتند. از نتایج این تحقیق می ­توان برای توسعه برنامه کنترل بیولوژیک توسط این سن­ ها در استان هرمزگان استفاده نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of climate and ecosystem manipulation on biodiversity of Anthocoridae in Hormozgan province (Iran)

نویسندگان [English]

  • A. Sadegh Nejad 1
  • A. Rajabpour 2
  • C. Cultler 3
1 M. Sc. student, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan
2 Associate professor, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan
3 Professor, Dalhousie University
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives
The predatory bugs, Anthocoridae, are important predators of many agricultural pests in the world. Climate and agricultural manipulations may change pest populations by affecting biodiversity of biocontrol agents. In this study, fauna and biodiversity of the Anthocoridae family were investigated in two climates of Hormozgan province: Tazian and Minab. The effect of agricultural manipulations on the anthocorid biodiversity was also determined.
Materials and methods
Sampling was carried out on various annual and perennial plants in both non-manipulated and manipulated (cropping and horticultural systems) ecosystems. Data were analyzed by SDR software according to various diversity and evenness indices.
Results
Five species from genus Orius, Orius (Dimorphella) albidipennis (Reuter1884), O.(Dimorphella) maxidentex (Ghauri, 1972), O. minutus (Linnaeus‚ 1758), O. laevigatus (Fiber‚ 1860) and O.niger (Wolff, 1811), and three species, O. albidipennis, O. maxidentex and O. minutus, were collected from various host plants of Tazian and Minab climates, respectively. Biodiversity and species evenness index values in Tazian were significantly higher than Minab. The highest and lowest biodiversity index values were observed in spring and fall, respectively. The evenness index values were significantly higher in winter and spring than summer and fall. However, no significant difference between biodiversity of manipulated and non-manipulated ecosystems was found in each climate.
Discussion
Dominant species were different according to climate condition. Moreover, our findings indicated that climate and season significantly affect biodiversity of anthocoridbugs.  Agricultural manipulation had no significant effect on the biodiversity of anthocorid bugs. The results can be used in biological control program of various pests by these predators in Hormozgan province. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Orius bugs
  • agricultural ecosystem
  • species identification
  • species richness
  • species evenness

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گیاه پزشکی
دوره 42، شماره 2
شهریور 1398
صفحه 37-49

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