بیولوژی شپشک آردآلود پنبه Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley روی ختمی چینی Hibiscus rosa-sinenensis در فضای سبز دزفول، جنوب غرب ایران

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی -انگلیسی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌ آموخته کارشناسی‌ ارشد، حشره‌شناسی، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

2 دانشیار حشره‌شناسی، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، ملاثانی، ایران

3 استادیار حشره‌شناسی، موسسه تحقیقات خرما و میوه‌های گرمسیری، موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران

چکیده

شپشک آرد آلود پنبه Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley یکی ازآفات مهم گیاهان زراعی و زینتی در جنوب غرب ایران می­ باشد. در این مطالعه بیولوژی این آفت روی بوته ­های ختمی ­چینی به عنوان مهم‌ترین میزبان آن در فضای سبز شهر دزفول طی سال‌های ۱۳۹۴ تا ۱۳۹۵ مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد این شپشک در شرایط آب و هوای دزفول دارای ۱۱ نسل در سال می ­باشد. اولین نسل در اوایل اسفند شروع و تا اوایل فروردین ادامه داشته و نسل یازدهم در اواسط اردیبهشت خاتمه یافت. فعالیت این آفت در زمستان هم ادامه داشت. کوتاه‌ترین طول نسل آفت در نسل هشتم از اواخر شهریور تا اواسط مهر (39/1±۷۱/۲۸ روز) و طولانی ­ترین آن نسل دوم (79/0± ۴۷/۴۷ روز) از اوایل فروردین تا اوایل اردیبهشت بود. تولیدمثل این شپشک به صورت بکرزایی و بیشترین نرخ زاداوری (11/3±11/163نتاج) و دوره­ی تخم‌ریزی (14/0±41/۴ روز) در تابستان در نسل چهارم و کمترین دوره­ی تخم‌ریزی (12/0±67/1روز) و نرخ زادآوری در نسل یازدهم (12/0±67/6 نتاج) در زمستان مشاهده شد. طول عمر ماده­ها در نسل ­های مختلف از 03/2±79/13 روز در نسل هشتم تا حدود 70/0±12/26 روز در نسل دوم بود. طول عمر نرها بسیار کوتاه و بین یک تا دو روز متغیر بود. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده شپشک آردآلود پنبه سرعت نمو بالا، زادآوری زیاد، الگوی تولیدمثلی بکرزایی با تولید پوره سن یک و توانایی سازگاری با شرایط آب و هوایی گرم و خشک دزفول را دارد. متأسفانه به دلیل فقدان مدیریت صحیح آفت و وجود میزبان‌های گیاهی زیاد، این شپشک می ­تواند تهدید جدی برای پوشش گیاهی در استان خوزستان باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Biology of Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley on Hibiscus rosa-sinenensis in the urban landscape of Dezful, Southwest Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • S. Bushi 1
  • L. Ramezani 2
  • S. Zarghami 3
1 M.Sc. Graduate of Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Science and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
2 Associate Professor of Entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Agricultural Science and Natural Resources University of Khuzestan, Mollasani, Iran
3 Assistant Professor of Entomology, Date Palm and Tropical Fruits Research Center, Horticultural Science Research InstituteAgricultural Research, Education and Organization (AREEO), Ahvaz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley is a global pest which recently causing serious damage to various crops and ornamental plants such as hibiscus shrubs in southwestern Iran. The field biology of this pest was investigated in Dezful during 2015-2016 season. Results indicated that in Dezful, P. solenopsis passes 11 generations per year. The first generation begins from early March to early April, and the 11th generation ends in the mid-March. The mealybug activities did not stop during the winter. The 8th generation was the shortest one which lasted 28.71±1.39 days from the late September to the mid-October. The longest generation time was also the 2nd one (47.47±0.79 days), from early April to early May. The reproduction parthenogenetically occurred, and females produced eggs and crawlers. The highest fecundity was163.11±3.11 offspring per female with the highest ovipositional period (4.41±0.14days) in the 4th generation in summer. The lowest fecundity (1.67±0.12offspring) was in the 11th generation in winter. The female longevity was significantly different among various generations, from 13.79±2.03 days in 11thgeneration to 26.12±0.70 days in 2nd generation. Males lived in a short time (1 to 2 days). The present study confirms that P. solenopsis has a rapid development, high fecundity with a pattern of crawlers’ production, and the ability to adapt to the unconditional warm and dry climate of Dezful. Unfortunately, due to lack of management, and a wide range of host plants, it could be a serious threat for farmlands, greenhouses, and urban areas in Khuzestan province.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cotton mealybug
  • Chinese hibiscus shrubs
  • generation time
  • fecundity

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گیاه پزشکی
دوره 43، شماره 3
آذر 1399
صفحه 75-86

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