اثر سمیت سه اسانس گیاهی بر فعالیت‌ آنزیم‌های آنتی‌اکسیدانی لارو سن چهارم بید غلات، Sitotroga cerealella (Oliver)

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی-فارسی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران

2 استاد، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه علوم پایه، دانشکده دامپزشکی دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران

4 دکتری حشره شناسی، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران

چکیده

بید غلات،(Oliver)  Sitotroga cerealella، یکی از مهم‌­ترین آفات با دامنه میزبانی وسیع در ایران و جهان می­‌باشد. در این مطالعه تأثیر اسانس‌­های گیاهی پونه، Mentha longifolia L.، آویشن‌­دنایی، Thymus daenensis Celak و درمنه­‌کوهی، Artemisia aucheri Boiss، از تیره‌­های مختلف در مقایسه با حشره‌­کش ارگانو­فسفره دی­کلرووس (DDVP®) به ‌عنوان شاهد مثبت پس از 24 ساعت، روی فعالیت آنزیم­‌های آنتی­‌اکسیدانی سوپر­اکسید دیسموتاز (SOD)، کاتالاز (CAT) و میزان پراکسیداسیون لیپید لاروهای سن چهارم شب­پره بید غلات بررسی گردید. آزمایش‌­ها در دمای 1±25 درجه سلسیوس، رطوبت نسبی 5±70 درصد و دوره نوری 12 ساعت روشنایی و 12 ساعت تاریکی در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی و سه تکرار انجام شد. میزان LC50 برای اسانس پونه، آویشن دنایی و درمنه‌کوهی به ترتیب 04/0، 68/0 و47/6 میکرو­لیتر بر لیتر هوا ثبت شد، همچنین بالاترین درصد مرگ­‌و­میر با افزایش غلظت اسانس پونه، آویشن­‌دنایی و درمنه­‌کوهی (09/0، 3 و 9 میکرو­لیتر بر لیتر هوا) به ترتیب 84، 67/80 و 33/77 درصد تعیین شد. با افزایش غلظت اسانس فعالیت آنزیمی افزایش یافت. به‌­طوری­‌که افزایش فعالیت معنی­‌دار CAT، SOD و میزان مالون دی­‌آلدهید (MDA) به عنوان شاخص پراکسیداسیون لیپید در لاروهای تیمار شده با اسانس‌­های پونه، آویشن‏‌دنایی و درمنه­‌کوهی مشاهده شد. به نظر می­‌رسد اسانس‌­های مختلف پونه، آویشن­‌دنایی و درمنه‌­کوهی با اثر بر فعالیت­‌های آنزیمی آنتی‌­اکسیدان لارو سن چهارم بید غلات از طریق اختلال در فرآیند­های فیزیولوژیکی و زنده­‌مانی بتواند در کنترل این آفت در برنامه‌­های مدیریت تلفیقی آفت موثر واقع شوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Toxicity of plant essential oils three on physiological activity of fourth instar larvae of Sitotroga cerealella (Oliver)

نویسندگان [English]

  • S. Mahmoudvand 1
  • J. Shakarami 2
  • M. Alirezaei 3
  • Sh. Jafari 2
  • M. Mardani- Talaee 4
1 PhD Student, Agricultural of entomology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Khorramabad-Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Khorramabad-Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khorramabad-Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran
4 PhD, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Khorramabad-Lorestan University, Lorestan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives
Angoumois grain moth, Sitotroga cerealella, is one of the most critical storage pests with a wide range from the hosts in Iran and worldwide. Excessive consumption of chemical insecticides leads to developing the resistance to chemical insecticides, environmental pollution, and the emergence of new pests. Therefore, we have decided to reduce the risk of the environment in pest’s control via plant essential oils.
Material and Methods
In the current study, to examine the environment- friendly pesticides, effects of three plant essential oils from the families Mentha longifolia L., Thymus daenensis Celak (Lamiaceae), and Artemisia aucheri Boiss (Asteraceae) compared to dichlorvos (DDVP®,as a positive control) an organophosphate insecticide were studied. Antioxidant enzymes, including: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and lipid peroxidation marker on the fourth instar larvae of S. cerealella after 24 hours were examined. The essential oils were prepared using the water distillation method. Essential oils were used in five concentrations and three replications. The concentration was selected based on the primary experiment for each essential oil. Insects were exposed to fumigant toxicity of the essential oils and insecticide in laboratory conditions (25±1 °C, 70±5% in 12 hr light/12 hr dark).
Results
The results showed that LC50 for the essential oils of M. longifolia, T. daenensis, and A. aucheri were recorded 0.04, 0.68 and 6.47 μL/Lair, respectively. The highest mortality rate increased with high concentrations (0.09, 3 and 9 μL/Lair) of M. longifolia, T. daenensis and A. aucheri essential oil were 84, 80.67, and 77.33 %, respectively after 24h. Enzymatic activity increased with essential oil high concentrations. Data indicated a significant increase in the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase enzymes and the concentration of malondialdehyde as peroxidation lipid indicator in treated larvae with essential oils of M. longifolia, T. daenensis and A. aucheri compared with the untreated (negative control), and DDVP® (positive control) on treated 4th instar larvae of S. cerealella after 24h.   
Conclusion
It seems that different essential oils of M. longifolia, T. daenensis and A. aucheri with the effect on the enzymatic activities of antioxidants, including catalase, superoxide dismutase enzymes and malondialdehyde as lipid peroxidation indicator of the fourth instar larvae of S. cerealella via the disruption of physiological processes and survival. Regarding the existence of different aromatic plants in Iran, we can use the species with higher toxicity that would be more economical to produce the botanical insecticides and use in the integrated pest management programs for this pest control.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Superoxide dismutase (SOD)
  • Catalase (CAT)
  • Lipid peroxidation
  • MDA

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گیاه پزشکی
دوره 45، شماره 2
مرداد 1401
صفحه 1-16

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