اثرات کشندگی و زیرکشندگی حشره‌کش ترکیبی امامکتین بنزوات + استامی‌پرید روی فراسنجه‌های جدول زندگی شته جالیز (Hem: Aphididae) Aphis gossypii

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی-فارسی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناسی ارشد، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

2 استاد، گروه گیاه‌پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

3 استادیار، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان غربی، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

شته جالیز Aphis gossypii Glover یک آفت پلی‌فاژ است که طیف بسیار وسیعی از گیاهان میزبان در سراسر جهان را آلوده می‌کند. رایج‌ترین روش کنترل شته‌ها با وجود اثرات سوء که بر جای می‌گذارد، استفاده از حشره‌کش‌های شیمیایی است. پتانسیل بالای این آفت در مقاومت به ترکیبات شیمیایی، مستلزم بررسی و به‌کارگیری حشره‌کش‌های جدیدتر با نحوه اثر متفاوت است. بنابراین در این پژوهش، اثرات کشندگی و زیرکشندگی حشره‌کش ترکیبی و جدید امامکتین بنزوات % 8/4 + استامی‌پرید %4/6 که دارای عملکرد تماسی و گوارشی است، روی فراسنجه‌های زیستی و رشد جمعیتی شته جالیز در شرایط گلخانه‌ای، با استفاده از روش پاشش حشره‌کش روی برگ‌های حاوی شته مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. جمعیت شته روی گیاه لوبیا چیتی واریته خمین در دمای 1±21 درجه سلسیوس، رطوبت نسبی 10±50 درصد و دوره نوری با 16 ساعت روشنایی و 8 ساعت تاریکی پرورش یافت. مقدار LC50 امامکتین بنزوات + استامی‌پرید برای افراد بالغ شته جالیز 24 ساعت بعد از تیمار، 84/23 پی‌پی‌ام (67/2 میکرولیتر بر لیتر ماده موثره) به‌دست آمد. نتایج به‌دست آمده نشان داد که، میانگین طول عمر شته‌های بالغ در تیمارهای LC20 و LC30 با تیمار شاهد تفاوت معنی‌داری داشت. باروری و طول دوره پور‌ه‌زایی در غلظت‌های زیرکشنده حشره‌کش نسبت به شاهد به‌طور معنی‌داری کاهش یافت. همه فراسنجه‌های جدول زیستی شته جالیز تیمار شده با غلظت‌های زیرکشنده در مقایسه با شاهد، به‌طور معنی‌داری تحت تأثیر حشره‌کش قرار گرفتند. حداکثر نرخ ذاتی افزایش جمعیت (r) در شاهد، برابر با 39/0 بر روز بود. نرخ خالص تولیدمثل (R0) از28/37 پوره به ازای هر ماده در هر نسل در شاهد به90/6 در LC30 کاهش یافت. بیشترین و کمترین مقدار مدت زمان یک نسل (T) به ترتیب در LC30 (28/11 روز) و شاهد (11/9 روز) برآورد شد. یافته‌های مطالعه حاضر گویای این است که، با توجه به ضرورت استفاده از حشره‌کش‌های شیمیایی برای مدیریت شته‌ها و تأثیر قابل ملاحظه این آفت‌کش روی شته جالیز، حشره‌کش امامکتین بنزوات + استامی‌پرید می‌تواند در کنترل و کاهش جمعیت شته جالیز مورد استفاده قرار گیرد. با این حال، توجه به اثرات کشندگی و زیرکشندگی این حشره‌کش در ارزیابی اثرات کلی آن بر دشمنان طبیعی آفت امری ضروری است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The lethal and sub lethal effects of the combined insecticide Emamectin benzoate + Acetamiprid on the life table parameters of Aphis gossypii (Hem.: Aphididae)

نویسندگان [English]

  • H. Rajabi 1
  • S.A. Safavi 2
  • M. Forouzan 3
1 MSc, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2 Professor, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of West Azarbaijan, AREEO, Urmia, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives
Aphis gossypii Glover is a polyphagous pest that infects a wide range of host plants in temperate, tropical and subtropical regions. Therefore, it has a great ability to maintain its population in different environmental conditions. Quantitative and qualitative damages of this pest are through feeding on plant sap, transmission of viral diseases, reduction of photosynthesis and secretion of honeydew. Various factors such as excessive use of chemical insecticides, the destruction of natural enemies and the emergence of resistant pest populations have increased the population of aphids and turned it into a damaging pest. However, the most common method of controlling aphids, despite its negative effects, is usage of chemical insecticides. The high potential of this pest in resistance to chemical compounds requires investigating and using of newer insecticides with different modes of action. Insect reproductive parameters as an ecological and indicator tools, can indicate the behavior and physiology of different types of pests after pesticides using. Studies have also been conducted on the effect of sub lethal concentrations of insecticides on behavior, biological characteristics and growth of insect population, which provides a more realistic estimate of the effect of insecticides on pests and natural enemies. Therefore, in this study, the lethal and sub lethal effects of the new combined insecticide Emamectin benzoate 4.8% + Acetamiprid 6.4% which has contact and oral function, was evaluated on the aphids biological and population growth parameters in greenhouse conditions.
Materials and Methods
The colony of cotton aphid used in the experiment was obtained from pinto beans fields in Urmia, West Azerbaijan (Iran), during September 2021. The aphid population was reared on pinto beans var. Khomein in plastic pots (12 × 6 cm) under controlled greenhouse conditions (21 ± 1°C, 50% ± 10% RH, and a photoperiod of 16: 8 [L: D] h). The LC50 concentration of Emamectin benzoate + Acetamiprid for cotton aphid adults was 23.84 ppm 24 hours after treatment. The values of LC10, LC20 and LC30 were estimated at 1.76, 4.31 and 8.22 ppm, respectively. The insecticide spraying method on leaves containing aphids was used in bioassay and life table studies against adults of aphid insects. The age stage, two-sex life table method was used to analyze the collected data. We used the bootstrap technique with 100,000 iterations to estimate the variance and standard errors of the biological and population parameters and used Sigma Plot software to draw graphs. The growth of the pest population in a period of 60 days was done with Timing-MsChart software.
Results
According to the results, the adult lifespan/longevity was significantly different from the control by LC20 and LC30 concentrations. The shortest lifespan of adult aphid in LC30 treatment was recorded as 5.90 days. Fertility and the duration of Nymphal period were significantly reduced in sub lethal concentrations of the insecticide compared to the control. The highest value of pre adult period in LC30 concentration was recorded 8.88 days and the lowest value in control treatment was 5.06 days. All biological table parameters of cotton aphid treated with sub-lethal concentrations were significantly affected by the insecticide compared to the control. The highest value of intrinsic rate of increase (r) was 0.39 per day in control. The net reproductive rate (R0) decreased from 28.37 nymphs per female/generation in control to 6.90 in LC30 concentration. The lowest value of finite rate of increase (λ) was observed in LC30 concentration, which was 1.18 per day. The gross reproductive rate (GRR) in sub lethal concentrations was significantly lower than the control. The highest and lowest values of mean generation time (T) were estimated in LC30 (11.28 days) and control (9.11 days), respectively.
Discussion
Based on the findings of the present study, considering the necessity of using chemical insecticides for aphid management, and the significant effect of this pesticide on the aphid Emamectin benzoate + Acetamiprid insecticide can be used to control and reduce population of cotton aphids and it can be a suitable alternative to old insecticides. In order to confirm the greenhouse results, it is necessary to conduct similar experiments in field conditions, and conduct laboratory and field studies on the effects of this compound on the natural enemies of A. gossypii especially bees and coccinellids. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cotton aphid
  • Chemical control
  • Population growth parameters
  • Pinto bean

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 © 2023 by the authors. Licensee SCU, Ahvaz, Iran. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0 license) (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/.
گیاه پزشکی
دوره 46، شماره 1
اردیبهشت 1402
صفحه 105-118

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